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99 Terms
direct democracy
a system where citizens vote directly on laws and decsions instead of electing represenatives to make those decisions
where was direct democracy created
Ancient Athens, Greece
who voted in Athen?
free male citizens, women, enlsaved people, and foreigners could not vote
how is direct democracy different from the US government style.
the US uses a representative republic
what is a representative republic?
A representative republic is a system where the people don't vote on every law themselves. Instead, you elect representatives (members of Congress, the president, state legislators) who make those decisions for you, and you hold them accountable at the next election
when did the roman republic exist
509 BCE-27 BCE
what was the roman republic?
a goverment where citizens elected represenatives and political power was divided amoung different institutions
who was Lucius Junius Brutus?
he was considered on of the founders of the roman republic after the overthrow of the roman monarchy
who was cincinnatus?
he was a Roman leader who is famous for accepting temporary power during a crisis and giving it up afterward
who were the Gracchi Brothers
tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were roman politicians who pushed for reforms involving land and poorer citizens
who was Julius Caesar?
he was a roman general and dictator whose rise to power helped to bring the end of the roman republic
Who was Augustus
he was Julius Caesar’s adopted heir who became Rome’s first emperor which began the birth of the Roman Empire
what is a democracy
gooverment system where the people have the political power, usually through voting
what is a direct democracy
citzens vote directly on laws and decisions
what is a republic
citzens elect represenattives who make government decisions for them
what is the difference between a republic and a democracy
direct democracy, you vote directly on issues, republic citzens elect representatives
who wrote the declaration of indepedance
thomas jefferson
what year was the declaration of indepdance written
1776
what was the purpose of the declaration of indepedance
it explained why the ameircan colonies were declaring independence from Britain
what was the main idea of the declaration of independence
people have natrual rights, and government should exist to protect those rights
what does “We The People” mean
giverment gets its authority from the people
what is the preamble
the intro to the constituton
why is the preamble philosophically important
it explains the purpose and goals of goverment and establishes the idea of popular sovereignty
what were the articles of confederation
the first U.S national goverment
when were the articles of confederation
1781-1789
why did the arctles of confederation fail
the National government was too weak
what is artcile 1 of the constitution
legilative=Congress
article II of the constitution
executive=president
article III of the constitution
judicial=supreme/federal courts
why is the constitution stronger than the articles of confederation
the constitution created a stringer national goverment with three branches, taxation power, executive leadership, nd a federal judiciary
what does the legislative branch of the government do
make laws
what is apart of the legislative branch of goverment
congress, senate, house of representatives
what does the executive branch of the goverment do
enforces laws
who is apart of the executive branch of the government
president
what does the judicial branch of the government do
interprets laws
what is a philosopher
a person who studies and questions fundemnal ideas about knowledge, truth, morality, government, and existence
what is Socrates the greek philosopher known for?
asking questions to challenge peoples beliefs
what is the Socratic method
asking questions to encourage critical thinking
who is Plato
a student of Socrates
what books did Plato write
the republic
what was plato’s political idea
belived that society should be governed by philosopher kings
who is aristoles’s
student of Plato
what did Aristotle do
studied different forms of government and beloved government should promote the common good
what was John locke’s main idea
natrural rights of life, liberty and property
what did John lock believe the goverment exists for
the goverment exists to protect peoples rights
what did John Locke believe the people should do if the goverment violates their rights
the people should have the right to replace the government
what was montesquieu’s main idea
he believed in the speration of power because it prevents one person from holding too much power
what was montesquies’s influence on the US
he inspired the US system of three governments
how many members of Senate are there
100
how many members of Senate does each state get
2
how long are senaters term length
6 years
what is the citzen requirement to be a senator
must be a US citizen for at least 9 years
what are the residency requirments for being a senator
they must be an inhabitant if the state they represent
why are there 2 senators per state
it gives each state equal representation
how many voting members of the house of representatives are their
435
how long is a house members term
2 years
what is the minimum age to be a house member
25 years old
what citizenship requirement are their to be a house member
US citizen for at least 7 years
what are the residency must be an unhabitant of the state they represent
must be an inhabitant of the state they represent
how is it decided how many house members per state
based on population
who wrote the spirit of the laws
montesquieu
who wrote the social contract
jean-jacques rousseau
who wrote the republic
plato
who wrote politics
arsitole
what does bicameral means
a legislature with two houses/chambers
what are the two houses of Congress
senate and the house of representatives
why have two different houses of Congress
it provides different forms of represenation and creates another check within the legislative branch w
who wrote the constitution
james Madison is considered the father of the constitution since he had a major role in drafting it (but was also written by a lot of delegates)
what is the upper house
the Senate
what is the lower house
the house of represenatives
what did the feralists support
the constitution
what did the federalist believe in
that the US needed a stronger national government
who were the important federlalists
alexander Hamilton, James madison, John Jay
why did they write the federalist papers
they wrote the papers to support the ratification of the consitution
what did the anti federalists oppose
they opposed the constitution as orgnailly written
what were the anti federalists concern
they were worried the national government would become too powerful
what did the anti federalists want
they wanted more protections for infivdual rights
what did the anti federalists accomplish
they led to the addition of the bill of rights
what is the capitol building
the building where the Congress meets
which branch meets at the capitol building
legisaltive branch
who works at the capitol building
senators and reppresenatives
what is impeachment
the process of fomaly accusing a federal offcial of doing wrong doing
who can impeach
the house of represenatives
who conducts the impeahcment trial
the Senate
what happens if someone gets convicted in an impeachment trial
the official can be removed from office
does impeachment equals automatic removal
no the house can charge an official but it has to go through trial at the Senate before it is official
how many votes to impeach in the house
simple majoroty
how many senate votes to convict an impeachment
2/3 senators present
what is the supreme court
the highest court in the US
what is the main job of the supreme court
they interpret the constituion and federal law
how many supreme court justices are there
9
how long to federal judges serve
they serve a lifetime as long as the remain on good behavior
who appoints the supreme court justices
the president nomimaes them and the Senate confirms them
what is judicial review
the power the court holds to determine whether laws/actions our constitional
what are check and balances
each branch has powers that can limit the other branches so no branch becomes too powerful
what is popular soveranty
the idea that governments power comes from the people
what does limited government mean
goverment official must follow laws and the constitution and don’t have unlimited power