Psychological Science Is Born; Psychological Science Matures

Wilhelm Wundt

Founded psychology’s first laboratory in 1879 at Leipzig University, Germany, measuring mental processes.

Mary Whiton Calkins

First woman to complete all Ph.D. requirements at Harvard, later became the first female president of the APA.

Behaviorism

Redefined psychology in the 1920s as the scientific study of observable behavior, famously advocated by John B. Watson.

Freudian Psychology

Psychoanalytic approach proposed by Sigmund Freud, stressing the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

Humanistic Psychology

Movement in psychology in the 1960s that focused on growth potential and the needs for love and acceptance, led by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Margaret Floy Washburn

First woman to receive a psychology Ph.D., author of 'The Animal Mind' and second female president of APA.

Observation in Science

Behaviorism emphasizes that science is based on observable and measurable phenomena as opposed to introspective methods.

Learning in Psychology

Behaviorism involves studying how individuals respond to and learn from different situations.

Experimental Psychology

A branch of psychology that utilizes experimental methods to study the processes of the mind, exemplified by Wundt's experiments.

Diversity in Psychology

Psychology has seen increased diversity, with women and people of color holding more positions in academia and leadership in the field.