Muscles of the upperlimb

Pectoralis Major

Action: Adducts arm and rotates it medially

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and upper six costal cartilages

Pectoralis Minor

Action: Depression point of shoulder

Origin: Third, fourth, and fifth ribs

Subclavius

Action: Depresses the clavicle and steadies this bone during movements of the shoulder girdle

Origin: First costal cartilage

Serratus Anterior

Action: Draws the forward anterior around the thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Origin: Upper eight ribs

Trapezius

Action: Upper fibers elevate the scapula; middle fibers pull scapula medially; lower fibers pull medial border of scapula downward

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spine of seventh cervical vertebra, spines of all thoracic vertebra

Latissmus dorsi

Action: Extends adducts and medially rotates the arm

Origin: lliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three of four ribs, and inferior angle of scapula

Levator Scapulae

Action: Raises medical border of scapula

Origin: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

Rhomboid minor

Action: Raises medical border of scapula upward and medially

Origin: Ligmentum nuchae and spines of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

Rhomboid major

Action: Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially

Origin: Second to fifth thoracic spines

Rhomboid Major

Action: Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially (second to fifth thoracic spines)

Origin: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Deltoid

Action: Abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

Origin: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Supraspinatus

Action: Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Infraspinatus

Action: Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Teres major

Action:Medially rotates and adducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Origin: Lower third of lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor

Action: Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Origin: Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula

Subscapularis

Action: Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Origin: Subsacpular fossa

Long head

Action: Supinator of forearm and flexor of elbow

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Short head

Action: ???

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis

Action: Flexes arm and also weak adductor

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Brachialis

Action: Flexor of elbow joint

Origin: Front of lower half of humerus

Long head (Posterior Compartment)

Action: ???

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Laterl head

Action: Extensor of elbow joint

Origin: Upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus

Medial head

Action: ???

Origin: Lower half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus

Humeral head

Action: Pronation and flexion of forearm

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head

Action: ???

Origin Medial border of coronoid process of ulna

Flexor carpi radialis

Action: Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint

Origin: Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Palmaris longus

Action: flexes hand

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Humeral head

Action: Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head

Action: ???

Origin: Medial aspect of olecranon process and posterior border of ulna

Humeroulnar Head

Action: Flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand

Origin: Medial Epicondyle of humerus, medial border of coronoid process of ulna

Radial head

Action: ???

Origin: Oblique line on anterior surface of shaft of radius

Flexor pollicis longus

Action: Flexes distal phalanx of thumb

Origin: Anterior surface of shaft of radius

Flexor digitorum profundus

Action: Flexes distal phalanx of fingers; then assists in flexion of middle and proximal phalanges and wrist

Origin: Anterior surface of shaft of ulna

Pronator quadratus

Action: Pronates forearm

Origin: Anterior surface of shaft of the ulna

Brachioradialis

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow joint; rotates forearm to the midprone position

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Extensor carpi radials longus

Action: Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Action: Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor digitorum

Action: Extends fingers and hand

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor digitiminimi

Action: Extends metacarpal phalangeal joint of little finger

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Action: Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Anconeus

Action: Extends elbow joint

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Supinator

Action: Suspination of forearm

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of humerus, anular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint and, ulna.

Abductors pollicis longus

Action: Abducts and extends thumb

Origin: Posterior surface of shafts of radius and ulna

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Action:Extends metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

Origin: Posterior surface of shaft of radius

Extensor pollicis longus

Action: Extends distal phalanx of thumb

Origin: Posterior surface of shaft of ulna

Extensor indicis

Action: Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger

Origin: Posterior surface of shaft of ulna

Palmaris brevis

Action: Corrugates skin to improve grip of palm

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Lumbricals (4)

Action: Flex metacarpophlanageal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of fingers except thumb

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Palmar (4)

Action: Palmar interossei adduct fingers toward center of third finger

Origin: First arises from base of first metacarpal;remaining three from anterior surface of shafts of second, fourth, fifth metacarpals

Dorsal (4)

Action: Dorsal interossei abduct fingers from center of third finger-Contiguous sides of shafts of metacarpal bones

Origin: Contiguous sides of shaft of metacarpal bones

Abductor Pollicis brevis

Action: Abduction of thumb

Origin: Scaphoid, Trapezium, Flexor retinaculum

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Origin: Flexor Retinaculum

Opponens Pollicis

Action:Pulls thumb medially and forward across palm

Origin: Flexor Retinaculum

Adductor pollicis

Action: Adduction of thumb

Origin: Oblique head; second and third metacarpal bones; transverse head; third metacarpal bone

Abductor digit minimi

Action: Abducts little finger

Origin: Pisiform bone

Flexor digiti minimi

Action: Flexes little finger

Origin: Flexor retinaculum

Opponens digiti minimi

Action: Pulls fifth metacarpal forward as in cupping the palm

Origin: Flexor retinaculum