memory

encoding

putting things into memory

storage

holding things in memory

retrieval

taking things out of memory

how long does sensory memory last

less than a second, if not stored

how many things can you hold in sensory memory

at least 12 items can be briefly stored

the difference between working memory and short term memory is

working memory involves actively manipulating things while holding them in your short term memory

short term memory lasts

10-20 seconds

the capacity of short term memory is

7 things plus or minus 2

primacy effect

remembering words from beginning of list

recency effect

remembering words from end of list

whats the best way to remember more words

thinking about the meanings of the word, relating it to what we know

serial positioning effect

remembering first and last words

long term memory

anything you can remember after more than 20 seconds of not actively rehearsing it

two types of long term memory

explicit (declarative)

implicit (non-declarative)

explicit (declarative)

things you can describes, things you know

two types of explicit memory

episodic memory

semantic memory

episodic memory

events that happen to you

semantic memory

words, concepts, language based facts

implicit (non-declarative) memory

things you have trouble describing or don’t even realize you know

schemas

an active organization of past reactions, experiences, knowledge

spreading activation

when you activate one node in a schema it raise the activation level of connected nodes

encoding failure

not pay attention

storage failure

not committing to memory

retrieval failures

know it but don’t remember it

proactive interference

old information interferes recall of new information

retroactive interference

new information hinders recall of old information

anterograde amnesia

can’t form new memories

retrograde amnesia

can’t recall memories prior to trauma or illness

flashbulb memories

memory of very important events