Human Microbiome: Introduction and Pathogenic Bacteria

Sepsis

 is the second leading cause of death in ICU (intensive care unit) patients

(heart / coronary-related disease is first) in the United States

 is the tenth most common cause of death overall

 Is particularly deadly in elderly, immunocompromised, and critically ill patents

 accounts for 1-2% of all hospitalizations and ~25% of ICU bed utilization

 has mortality rates that range from 20% for sepsis, to 40% for severe sepsis,

to over 60% for septic shock

Mechanism:

pathogenic bacteria releaese LPS (lipopolysaccharaide), potent dysregulation of immune system occurs potentilay resultinf in multi-organ failture→ death raes are high

Most Cases Bacteia are not deadly todAY

most physicians isntead use antibiotics but they can be overused

Antibiotics Have long-lasting effects on gut microbiome

Gut Biota Never Recover from Antibiotic Use

Emerging research shows that the harmful effects of antibiotics go further than the development

of drug resistant diseases. The beneficial bacteria lost to antibiotics do not recover fully.

(Hypothesis) The missing beneficial gut bacteria are likely a major factor behind much of

the chronic disease experienced today. The continuous use of antibiotics is resulting in each

generation experiencing worse health than their parents.

Bacteria have been linked to neurodegenerative disease

alzheimers disease— bacteria populations different in healthy vs alzheimers brains

Ulcers

thought to be caused by stress but actually bacterial and now treated by antibiotics

Why is H. Pylori beneficial

it plays a protective role in diarrhea in children and some allergies— decline of this relates to increasing prevalence to allergic diseases in developed countries