fats/lipids 1

types of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols (cholesterol)

major functions

energy, maintain membrane, produce hormones, cushion body, absorb vitamins

fatty acid composition and structure

phospholipid and triglyceride, hydrocarbon chain with omega end and acid group

saturated fatty acid

each carbon within the chain holds 2 hydrogen atoms

unsaturated fatty acid

missing hydrogen atoms, has 1+ double bonds in carbon chain

types of unsaturated

monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA)

fats are__ at room temp, oils are __

solid, liquid; solid = saturated

essential fatty acids (PUFA)

omega 3, omega 6

body uses essential fatty acids to made

DHA, EPA, AA

how trans fats are made

partially hydrogenated oils (PHO)

triglyceride structure

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol

lecithin

major phospholipid in egg yolks, liver, PB, soybeans

sterol functions

vitamin d synthesis, making estrogen and testosterone, bile production

amdr for lipids

20-35, should be less than 10% of total calories

atherosclerosis

disease process; lipid containing plaques build up inside arteries, results in cvd and thrombus

high density lipoprotein (HDL) - good cholesterol

transports cholesterol away from tissues and to the liver, carries oxidized cholesterol

low density lipoprotein (LDL) - bad cholesterol

carries cholesterol to tissues, contributes to plaque

very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

carries triglycerides in bloodstream, may contribute to atherosclerosis

atherosclerosis risk factors

age, genetics, unhealthy diet, hypertension, diabetes, body fat, tobacco

saturated fats increase

cholesterol by increasing LDL and HDL

trans fats increase

cholesterol and LDL but lower HDL

monounsaturated fats lower

LDL but not HDL

polyunsaturated fats (including omega 3s) lower

cholesterol and omega 6s lower LDL