2.2 Mechanisms of Breathing
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23 Terms
Scientific word for breathing
Ventilation
The two phases of breathing
Inspiration and expiration
Inspiration
Breathing in
Expiration
Breathing out
The organs/processes that are involved when there are physiological changes during inspiration and expiration
Diaphragm
Ribs
Thoracic cavity volume
Lung pressure
Air movement
Intercostal muscles (internal and external)
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration
It contracts and flattens
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration
It relaxes and returns to its dome shape
What happens to the ribs during inspiration
It moves upwards and outwards
What happens to the ribs during expiration
It moves downwards and inwards
What happens to the thoracic cavity volume during inspiration
It increases
What happens to the thoracic cavity volume during expiration
It decreases
Another name for thoracic cavity
Chest cavity
What happens to the lung pressure during inspiration
It decreases
What happens to the lung pressure during expiration
It increases
What happens to the air movement during inspiration
The air moves into the lungs
What happens to the air movement during expiration
The air moves out of the lungs
What happens to the intetnal intercostal muscles during inspiration
They relax
What happens to the internal intercostal muscles during expiration
They contract - moving the ribs downwards and decreasing the volume of the thorax
Thorax
The umbrella term for everything in the chest like; the heart, ribs, lungs etc.
What happens to the external intercostal muscles during inspiration
They contract - pulling the ribs upwards and outwards
What happens to the external intercostal muscles during expiration
They relax - allowing the rib cage to move downwards and inwards.
How pressure changes in the lungs allow air to move out during expiration
During expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. According to Boyle's law, this decrease in volume leads to an increase in pressure inside the lungs. Because the pressure inside the lungs is now higher than the atmospheric pressure outside, air is forced out of the lungs down the pressure gradient.
Pressure gradient in the context of the respiratory system
The physical difference in pressure between the inside of the lungs and the outside air.