Cell Organelles: Structure and Function

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering cell organelles, their structures, and their primary functions based on the lecture table.

Plasma/cell membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls what enters and leaves the cell, while providing protection and support.

Nuclear envelope/membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with pores that separates and protects DNA from the cytoplasm where chemical reactions happen, and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.

Nucleus

A cell organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope that contains DNA in genes on chromosomes and a nucleolus; it controls what happens in a cell by determining which proteins are made.

Nucleolus

A densely staining part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes and other types of RNA.

Cytoplasm

A gel-like substance filling the space between the nucleus and membrane that surrounds and supports organelles and acts as a medium for chemical reactions.

Mitochondrion

A bacteria-like organelle with its own DNA and a greatly folded double membrane that performs cellular respiration, converting chemical energy in food into ATP.

Endoplasmic reticulum

A system of internal membranes involved in the assembly and transport of lipids for membranes and proteins for export.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum that is covered in ribosomes.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum that has no ribosomes.

Golgi apparatus

A stack of membranes with swellings at either end that serves as a packing center to modify and sort proteins and other molecules for storage or secretion.

Lysosome

A small body filled with digestive enzymes responsible for the breakdown of unwanted molecules and worn-out organelles.