IUPAC naming

CHM 256

Carboxylic acid

• Suffix: -oic acid

• Prefix: -

• 1st priority

Ester

• Suffix: -oate

• Prefix: -oxy; oxo-

• 2nd priority

• R₂, R₁, oate ending

Acyl Chloride

• Suffix: -oyl chloride

• Prefix: chloro-; oxo-

• 3rd priority

Amide

• Suffix: -amide

• Prefix: amino-; oxo-

• 4th priority

• R₂ & R₃ hydrogens: primary amide, amide ending

• R₂ & R₃ alkyl/aryl groups: secondary or tertiary amide, “N-group” for each group then amide

Nitrile

• Suffix: -nitrile

• Prefix: cyano-

• 5th priority

Aldehyde

• Suffix: -al

• Prefix: oxo-

• 6th priority

Ketone

• Suffix: -one

• Prefix: oxo

• 7th priority

Alcohol

• Suffix: -ol

• Prefix: hydroxy-

• 8th priority

Amino

• Suffix: -amine

• Prefix: amino-

• 9th priority

Anhydride

• R₁ + R₂ same: ending is anhydride 

• R₁ + R₂ different: parent chain alphabetical, then anhydride ending

benzene + carboxylic acid

-benzoic acid

benzene + methyl

-toluene

benzene + alcohol

-phenol

benzene + amide

-aniline

benzene + aldehyde

-benzaldehyde

benzene + ester

-anisole

• 1,2-

• ortho-

• o-

• 1,3-

• meta-

• m-

• 1,4-

• para-

• p-

benzene as a substituent

• aromatic ring (-phenyl)

• need a carbon chain longer than 6 carbons

-CH₃

methyl

-CH₂CH₃

ethyl

-CH₂CH₂CH3

propyl

isopropyl or 1-methylethyl

-CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

butyl

sec-butyl or 1-methylpropyl

tert-butyl or 1,1-dimethylethyl

-CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

pentyl

isopentyl or 3-methylbutyl

neopentyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl

isobutyl or 2-methylpropyl

2-methylbutyl