Chapter 37 Quiz: Soil and Plant Nutrition

nitrogen fixation

Which of the following processes occurs in the nodules of legume roots?

- nitrogen fixation

- All of the listed responses are correct.

- cation exchange

- pH regulation

- carbon fixation

nitrate

Soil can easily become deficient in ________, because these ions are negatively charged and do not stick to negatively charged soil particles.

Carbon

Which of the following substances does a plant obtain from the air?

- Carbon

- All of the listed responses are correct.

- Water

- Nitrogen

-Magnesium

reduced internode length; zinc

Which of the following nutrient-deficiency symptoms is correctly matched with the deficient nutrient?

- reduced internode length; zinc

- wilting; boron

- general chlorosis in young leaves; carbon

- mottling of older leaves, with drying of leaf edges; calcium

- poor growth; nitrogen

Plants prefer basic soil pH.

All of the following statements regarding soil pH are correct except ________.

- Plants prefer basic soil pH.

- Soil pH below 5 allows toxic aluminum ions to be absorbed by plants.

- Soil pH should be matched to a crop's mineral needs.

- Plants prefer slightly acidic soil pH.

- Soil pH influences mineral availability.

phosphorus

If a plant is deficient in __________, it will not be able to make DNA.

contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Legumes (members of the pea family) have roots with swellings called nodules that __________.

nitrogen; to make protein

By trapping insects, carnivorous plants obtain __________, which they need __________.

between roots and beneficial fungi

Mycorrhizae develop __________.

Rhizobia

Which of the following organisms can fix nitrogen?

- Rhizobia

- Legumes

- Azolla

- Lichens

- Mycorrhizae

To clean contaminated sites by using plants that have the ability to extract and store soil pollutants.

What is the goal of phytoremediation?

converting nitrogen in the air to a form usable by plants

Nitrogen fixation is __________.

photosynthesis

The biological process that produces 96% of the dry mass of a plant is called __________.

the host plant provides the fungus with a steady supply of sugar, and the fungus increases the surface area of the plant's roots for nutrient absorption

The relationship between mycorrhizae and plants benefits both organisms because _________.

magnesium

If a plant's leaves are yellowing, it may be that the plant is deficient in the elements needed to make chlorophyll, one of which is __________.

chlorosis at the tips of older leaves; nitrogen

Which of the following nutrient-deficiency symptoms is correctly matched with the deficient mineral?

- chlorosis at the tips of older leaves; nitrogen

- None of the listed pairs is matched correctly.

- very slow development; magnesium

- reduced internode length; iron

- poor growth; calcium

- chlorosis between veins; carbon

The antibiotic got into the soil and killed many of the bacteria that provide usable nitrogen to the soybeans.

A cattle farmer is forced to use antibiotics to treat an outbreak of bacterial infections in his herd of cattle. The antibiotic is excreted by the cattle in their urine and feces and ends up in an irrigation ditch that provides water for a nearby soybean (a legume) farmer. The soybean farmer begins to notice that his soybean crop is not growing as well as usual.

What might be the cause of this change in the growth of the soybeans?

Toxic aluminum ions become more available, stunting the plant's growth.

At low soil pH levels (5 or less), what can happen?

Plants require macronutrients in relatively large amounts.

Which of the following statements correctly describes macronutrients?

- Plants require macronutrients in relatively large amounts.

- Macronutrients function in plants mainly as cofactors.

- The macronutrient nitrogen contributes the least to crop growth and yield.

- Examples of macronutrients are iron, zinc, and copper.

- Plants require macronutrients in relatively small amounts.

Growing tissues would show signs of mineral deficiency of mobile nutrients after older tissues.

Which is true regarding mineral deficiency symptoms in plants?

- Growing tissues would show signs of mineral deficiency of mobile nutrients after older tissues.

- Symptoms always show up in younger leaves first.

- Symptoms of mineral deficiency always show up in older leaves first.

- Deficiency symptoms of immobile nutrients will show up first in older organs.

- Deficiency symptoms of freely moving nutrients will show up first in younger organs.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between plants and the mutualistic bacteria associated with them?

- All of the listed responses are correct.

- Endophytes and rhizobacteria both can enhance plant growth.

- Endophytes and rhizobacteria both depend on plants for various nutrients.

- Endophytes live between cells within a plant.

- Rhizobacteria live in the rhizosphere, the soil surrounding a plant's roots.

cations enter the soil solution by being displaced by other cations, particularly H+

Cation exchange is the process in which _________.

signal, before any damage to the plant has occurred, when a nutrient deficiency is imminent

"Smart plants" are genetically engineered plants that can _________.

Nitrogen

The most abundant gas in our atmosphere cannot be used by plants directly in its atmospheric form and is, therefore, captured by certain bacteria that live symbiotically in their roots.

What is this gas?

nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

Fertilizers are usually enriched in __________.

Ectomycorrhizae form a dense sheath over the surface of a plant's roots.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding mycorrhizae?

- Ectomycorrhizae form a dense sheath over the surface of a plant's roots.

- Arbuscular mycorrhizae are less common than ectomycorrhizae.

- Ectomycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizae.

- Arbuscular mycorrhizae form a dense sheath over the surface of a plant's roots.

- Ectomycorrhizae penetrate the cell walls of a plant's root cells.

restoring the concentration of fixed nitrogen in the soil

Crop rotation benefits agriculture by __________.

Fertilizer contains minerals that are essential for healthy plant growth.

Many people add various types of fertilizers to their plants to facilitate growth. What does fertilizer contain that facilitates plant growth?

grows on other plants without using the host plants for nutrients

Epiphytes are a type of plant that ________.

soil horizons

The topsoil and other soil layers are referred to as _________.