Respiratory pt 1 - Basics & Anatomy

Going off Intro Slideshow and Study Guide

movement of air into and out of the lungs

ventilation

gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood (external resp)

pulmonary gas exchange

gas exchange between the capillaries and the tissues (internal resp)

tissues gas exchange

the conducting zone goes from the nose to the

bronchioles

the pharynx is known as the ______, and the larynx is known as the ________

pharynx known as throat, larynx as voice box

what occurs in the respiratory zone?

areas of gas exchange

To accomplish gas exchange, 4 simultaneous processes must occur. Inspiration and expiration is this type of gas exchange process.

pulmonary ventilation

To accomplish gas exchange, 4 simultaneous processes must occur. Gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane (O2 moves from alveolar air to blood, CO2 moves from blood to alveolar air) is this type of gas exchange process.

External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange)

To accomplish gas exchange, 4 simultaneous processes must occur. Blood carrying respiratory gasses throughout the body is this type of gas exchange process.

Gas Transport

To accomplish gas exchange, 4 simultaneous processes must occur. Gas exchange at the tissues (O2 goes from blood to tissue cells, and vice versa for CO2) is this type of process.

Internal respiration (tissue gas exchange)

what is the main function of the respiratory system, and two chemical functions?

main: gas exchange

two chemical: regulation of blood pH, production of chemical mediators (like ACE)

three non-chemical functions of the respiratory system

voice production, olfaction, protection

what is the external nose made of and what is its primary function?

hyaline cartilage; air passageway

what is another important function of the nose as it pertains to air?

humidifies and warms inhaled air

function of the paranasal sinuses

these warm and moisten the air (also resonate speech)

superficial capillaries help

warm air

psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium contains goblet cells that

produce mucus and trap debris

which part of the pharynx is only part of the respiratory tract and is a passageway for air only?

nasopharynx

which part of the pharynx ends around the epiglottis and is a passageway for air and food/drink?

oropharynx

which part of the pharynx is continuous with the esophagus and part of the respiratory and digestive tracts?

laryngopharynx

3 functions of the larynx

1. maintain patent airway

2. epiglottis prevents food going down airway

3. sound production

the thryoid and cricoid cartilage are made of this

hyaline

Mucociliary Escalator: what produce mucus to trap inhaled debris?

Goblet cells and seromucous glands

Mucociliary Escalator: what traps the debris/mucus and moves it upwards to the throat?

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

bronchioles are lined with smooth muscle so they can

regulate their diameter and control airflow resistance

an asthma attack is an inflammatory reaction that causes severe

bronchoconstriction (increases resistance to airflow)

the right lung has 3 lobes, and 3 secondary bronchi. the left lung has 2 lobes and

2 secondary bronchi

the inferior surface of the lung that sits atop the diaphragm

base

the pointed, superior surface of the lung located deep to the clavicle

apex

part of the lung in contact with the ribcage

costal surface

which bronchi deliver air to the lobes of the lungs?

secondary bronchi

which structure plunges into the lungs at the helium?

main primary bronchi

what structure houses the vocal chords?

larynx

chloride ions moving into or out of the red blood cell is referred to as

the chloride shift

which thin squamous alveolar cells form most of the surface used for gas diffusion?

type 1 pneumocytes

Which airway branches come after terminal bronchioles and are the first to have alveoli in their walls?

respiratory bronchioles

the nasal cavity opens posteriorly into the pharynx through which paired openings?

choanae

which tissue is found in oropharynx and laryngopharynx for friction and trauma protection?

moist strat squamous

which laryngeal muscles elevate the larynx during swallowing?

extrinsic muscles

these vibrate to produce speech

true vocal folds / chords

which bronchial branches supply bronchopulmonary segments?

tertiary segmental bronchi

3 components of the respiratory membrane (thin diffusion barrier between alveolar air and blood)

type 1 alveolar cells, basement membranes/interstitial space, capillary wall/endothelium