Acute Inflammation and Immune Responses Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering vascular changes, leukocyte events, inflammatory patterns, and immune mediators from Quizzes 1 and 2.

Brief vasoconstriction

Usually the earliest vascular response in acute inflammation.

Postcapillary venules

The primary vessels where increased vascular permeability occurs during acute inflammation.

Hemoconcentration

An intravascular change caused by the loss of protein-rich fluid from blood vessels.

Exudate

Protein-rich extravascular fluid associated with inflammation.

Leukocyte events sequence

The correct chronological order of leukocyte events during inflammation: Margination → rolling → adhesion → transmigration.

Selectins

Molecules that are particularly important for leukocyte rolling.

Integrins

Molecules that mainly mediate firm leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium.

Eosinophil

A leukocyte especially associated with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.

Myeloperoxidase

An enzyme in neutrophils that converts hydrogen peroxide and chloride into the potent antimicrobial compound HOCl.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type I

A condition resulting from a defect in $\beta_2$ integrins.

Serous inflammation

A type of acute inflammation characterized by a thin, watery, relatively cell-poor exudate.

Purulent inflammation

A type of acute inflammation characterized by pus containing numerous neutrophils and necrotic cellular debris.

Abscess

A localized collection of pus within a tissue.

Phlegmon

Diffuse spreading suppurative inflammation through connective tissue.

Pleural empyema

The accumulation of purulent exudate within the pleural cavity.

Pyemia

Multiple abscesses in the lungs, liver, and kidneys resulting from the hematogenous spread of pyogenic bacteria.

M2 macrophages

Macrophages that promote tissue repair and fibrosis.

Th1 cells

A T-helper cell subset that produces IFN-$\gamma$ and promotes classical macrophage activation.

IL-17

A cytokine produced by Th17 cells that stimulates chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment.

IL-5

A cytokine produced by Th2 cells that is particularly important for eosinophil activation.