Exci 253: Anatomy Midterm 1 - Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering definitions, anatomical planes, positions, and ranges of motion from the Exci 253 Anatomy midterm 1 transcript.

Gross anatomy

What you can see to the naked eye

Histology

Study of microscopic tissue structures

Embryology

Study of origin/developpment of an individual organism

Surface anatomy

Recognize deep anatomical structures from superficial setting

Anatomy

The study of the different structures of the body and their relations

Physiology

Study of the function of the body (cellular level)

Kinesiology

Study of muscles and the body in motion

Appendicular Skeleton

Upper and lower extremeties, pelvis

Axial skeleton

Head, thorax, vertebral column

Dorsal cavity

Cavity containing cranial (brain, meninges) and vertebral (spinal cord and roots) regions

Ventral cavity

Cavity containing thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions

Median plane

Divides body into right/left halves

Frontal plane (coronal/crown)

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse plane (horizontal)

Divides body into superior and inferior portions

Oblique plane

Divides the cross section at an angle

Anterior

In front of the body

Posterior

In the back of the body

Superior

Above or higher than another body part

Inferior

Below or lower than another body part

Proximal

Nearest to the source of attachement/center (for extremities)

Distal

Furthest away from the source of attachement/center (for extremities)

Cranial

Nearest /towards head

Caudal

Away from the head

Lateral

Away from mid-sagittal plane

Medial

Towards mid-sagittal plane

Superficial

Towards the surface

Deep

Away from the surface

Flexion

Where the angle of the joint decreases

Extension

Where the angle at the joint increases (return anatomical position)

Hyperextension

Extension continues beyond anatomical position

Lateral flexion

Side bending (spine side-to-side)

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement towards the midline of the body

Rotation

Movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone

Circumduction

Using common fulcrum for all movements as in circumscribing a cone

Medial/internal rotation

Anterior aspect turned inward

Lateral/external rotation

Anterior aspect turned outward

Upward rotation (scapula)

Inferior angle moves laterally up

Downward rotation (scapula)

Inferior angle moves medially down

Depression

Lowering body part

Elevation

Rising body part

Horizontal abduction

Moving from midline of body on horizontal plane

Horizontal adduction

Moving towards midline of body on horizontal plane

Retraction

Movement of a part backwards

Protraction

Movement of a part foward

Inversion

Rotation of sole of the foot inward

Eversion

Rotation of sole of the foot outward

Dorsiflexion

Flexing of the ankle to raise the toes upwards

Plantar flexion

Flexing of ankle to point the toes

Pronation

Medial rotation of the forearm

Supination

Lateral rotation of the forearm (anatomical position)

Prone

Face down position (on the stomach)

Supine

Back facing up (on the back)