ANT304 Test 2

Nucleotide

Building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

A T C G

DNA base pairings

A U C G

RNA base pairings

Nucleus

Where DNA is found

Chromosomes

What does DNA make?

Genome

Complete set of genes

Enzymes

What unzips DNA in DNA replication

DNA replication

Process that keeps genetic information consistent through growth

Protein synthesis

Allows cells to produce proteins

Codon

Nitrogen bases which mRNA carries that produces special amino acids.

Gametes

Sex cells produced by meiosis, 23 chromosomes

Somatic

Body cells produced by mitosis, 46 chromosomes

Zygote

Cell formed when a sperm and egg cell fuse together

Autosomes

Chromosomes that are not Sex chromosomes and are numbered 1-22

Sister chromatid

Two identical copies of a single chromosome that are joined at the centromere

Centromere

Linking joint that pairs sister chromatids together during cell division

Gene

A segment of DNA or RNA that acts as a unit of heredity, containing the instructions for building specific proteins or functional RNA molecules

Allele

A variant form of a gene that can be found at a specific location on a chromosome

Locus

The specific physical location of a gene or other DNA sequence on a chromosome

Genotype

Complete set of genetic material within an individual

Phenotype

Observable physical traits of an organism produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment

Homozygous

Same alleles of a genomic marker from each biological parent - AA

Heterozygous

Having different alleles for a particular trait - Aa