Lymphatic & Immune System

lupus

chronic autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, & brain

symptoms of lupus

fatigue, joint pain, rash & fever

rheumatoid arthritis

immune system attacks joint tissues, causing pain, swelling & stiffness

triggers for autoimmune diseases

genetic factors, sunlight, & a dormant virus

corticosteroids & what it treats

anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressant that reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune system to manage lupus

cancer

uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells, which can form tumors and invade other parts of the body

cancer treatments

surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal treatments, and specific inhibitors

cancer drugs

alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, biological response modifiers, and antitumor antibiotics

chemotherapy drugs

doxorubicin - inserts itself between base pairs of DNA strands

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

attacks immune system, leading to immune suppression and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections

HIV transmission

sexual contact, mother to child, and bodily fluid

AIDS

a condition that can happen as a result of an HIV infection when your immune system is severely weakened

5 stages of progression to aids

1. initial transmission

2. asymptomatic period (lasts 10+ years)

3. onset of symptoms

4. development of AIDS

5. severe immune suppression & death

HIV medications

reverse transcriptase inhibitors & nonnuleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

what drug class are nucleoside analogs

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

what drug class is Zidovudine (AZT)

nonnuleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

inactivated vaccines

contain killed pathogens

live, attenuated vaccines

contain weakened forms of the virus

newborn vaccine

1st dose of hepatitis B

2-6 months vaccines

1st dose of diphtheria, DTaP, Hib, Polio (IPV), PCV13, & Rotavirus

12-18 months vaccines

2nd dose of DTaP, Hib, & PCV13, and 2nd dose of MMR, Varicella, & Hepatitis A

4-6 yrs vaccines

booster doses of DTaP, IPV, MMR, & varicella

influenza vaccine schedule

annual starting from 6 months old

adolescents vaccines

HPV & meningococcal conjugate vaccines, and a booster dose of Tdap

older than 59 vaccine

herpes zoster (shingles)

common reactions to vaccines

headache, fever, upset stomach, & irritabiltity

drug resistance

microorganisms adapt to survive in the presence of anti-infective or antimicrobial drugs, often due to genetic mutations during cell division

anti-infectives

designed to combat infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi

antibiotics

targets bacterial infections

amoxicillin brand name

amoxil

what drug class is Amoxil (Amoxicillin)

penicillin

pencillins

treat bacterial infections by inhibiting bacteria cell wall synthesis, leading to cell death

cephalosporins

treat bacterial infections by inhibiting bacteria cell wall synthesis, leading to cell death

cephalexin brand name

keflex

what drug class is Keflex (Cephalexin)

cephalosporin

cefdinir brand name

omnicef

what drug class is Omnicef (Cefdinir)

cephalosporin

fluoroquinolones

target bacterial DNA replication, making them effective against UTI’s

ciprofloxacin brand name

cipro

what drug class is Cipro (Ciprofloxacin)

fluoroquinolone

moxifloxacin brand name

avelox

what drug class is Avelox (Moxifloxacin)

fluoroquinolone

levofloxacin brand name

levaquin

what drug class is Levaquin (Levofloxacin)

fluoroquinolone

macrolides

inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, making them effective against respiratory infections and some STI’s

azithromycin brand name

Zithromax

what drug class is Zithromax (Azithromycin)

macrolide

Lincomycin derivative

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

clindamycin brand name

cleocin

what drug class is Cleocin (Clindamycin)

lincomycin derivative

sulfonamides

inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with folic acid synthesis

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim brand name

bactrim or septra

what drug class is Bactrim/Septra (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim)

sulfonamide

tetracyclines

inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis

doxycycline brand name

vibramycin

what drug class is Vibramycin (Doxycycline)

tetracycline

antifungals

treat fungal infections by targeting the cell membranes of fungi, disrupting their growth and reproduction

fluconazole brand name

diflucan

what drug class is Diflucan (Fluconazole)

antifungal

antivirals

inhibit viral replication by targeting specific stages of the viral life cycle

corticosteroids/glucocorticoids

manage inflammation by suppressing the immune response and reduce the production of inflammatory chemicals in the body

prednisone brand name

deltasone

what drug class is Deltasone (Prednisone)

corticosteroid/glucocorticoid

methylprednisolone brand name

medrol

what drug class is Medrol (Methylprednisolone)

corticosteroid/glucocorticoid

catecholamine

manage anaphylaxis by relaxing muscles in the airway to improve breathing and constricting blood vessels to raise blood pressure

epinephrine brand name

EpiPen

what drug class is EpiPen (epinephrine)

catecholamine

anaphylaxis

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction