Zoology unit 2 vocab

glenoid fossa

“cup” of shoulder joint

choanae

internal nostrils

diphycercal

symetrical tail, with vertebral column

labyrinthodont

pattern of infolding of the dentin and enamel of the teeth

supracleithra

bones connecting head to shoulder

ischium

sacral attachment to pelvis

Romer’s Gap

~30 million year gap from late Devonian to early Carboniferous with NO fossils (until 1990s)

olecranon process

on elbow, allows strength

keratin

strong, microbe-resistant, flexible & waterproof protein. adapted from cytoskeleton proteins.

collagen

rope-like protein that also gives skin strength & flexibility

stratum corneum

keratinized layer in terrestrial vertebrates, all cells are dead (formed in deeper layers & pushed upwards)

α-keratins

softer, more flexible. only keratin Synapsids possess

β-keratins

harder, more rigid (beaks, claws, feathers). only found in Sauropsids

hyperosmotic

greater concentration of solutes

hypoosmotic

lesser concentration of solutes

isoosmotic

equal concentration of solutes

amphians

tied to water for reproduction

ammonotelism

direct elimination of NH3 (diffuses into water from gills, require lots of H2O to dissolve urea)

uricotelism

elimination in form of uric acid

ureotelism

eliminate NH3 as urea (concentrated in urine)

pedicel

base of pedicellate, bicuspid teeth in Lissamphibia

temnospondyl condition

“cut vertebrae”, intercentrum dominates vertebral centrum. weaker, animal spends more time in water (amphibians)

anthracosaur condition

pleurocentrum dominates vertebral centrum (amniotes)

lepospondyl condition

intercentrum fuses to neural arch to form vertebral centrum

maternal dermatophagy

eating of skin by offspring

levator bulbi muscle

raises & lowers eyes. may assist in buccal pump (ventilation method)

tympanum / tympanic membrane

ear drum

paedomorphosis

prolongation of larval life or the retention of larval characteristics in sexually mature animals. neoteny, slowed somatic growth.

costal grooves

transverse grooves on torso

vomerine teeth

teeth on roof of mouth

tetrodotoxin

interferes with the transmission of signals from nerves to muscles and causes an increasing paralysis of the muscles of the body

aposematic coloration

bright warning colors

batesian mimicry

appears like harmful species, actually harmless. (bluffing)

neoteny

when adults retain traits typically only seen in juveniles

dentary teeth

teeth on lower jaw

parotid glands

postorbital swellings that secrete bufotoxin

fossorial

burrowing

diurnal

active during the day

lateral line system

system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients