Chapters 10/11

nerv/o

nerve

neur/o

nerve, sinew

craini/o

cranium (portion of the skull that encloses the brain)

cephal/o

head

encephal/o

brain

-encephalon

brain

cerebr/o

cerebrum (largest part of the brain), brain

cerebell/o

cerebellum

pont/o

pons (of the brain), bridge-like structure

limb/o

limbic system, border

hippocamp/o

hippocampus, seahorse

thalam/o

thalamus (mass of gray matter in the diencephalon), chamber, inner room

amygdal/o

amygdala (almond-shaped nuclei in the temporal lobe), almond, tonsil

nucle/o

nucleus (group of neuronal cell bodies), core, little nut or kernel

mening/o

meninx (one of the three membranes enveloping the brain and spinal cord), membrane

-meninx

meninx (one of the three membranes enveloping the brain and spinal cord), membrane

lept/o

thin

pachy-

thick

pach/o

thick

arachn/o

arachnoid membrane, spider, spider-like

dur/o

dura mater membrane, hard

lob/o

lobe

gyr/o

gyrus (a convolution of the cerebrum), circle, ring

sulc/o

sulcus (groove of brain), furrow, groove

fissur/o

fissure, deep grove

fid/o

split, cleave

fiss/o

split, cleave

ventricul/o

ventricle, small cavity

coel/o

cavity, hollow

cel/o

cavity, hollow

cortic/o

cortex (cerebrum), outer layer, bark

myel/o

spinal cord, marrow

medull/o

medulla, marrow

poli/o

gray, gray matter of CNS

fascicul/o

fascicle, bundle of longitudinal fibers

funicul/o

funicle, rope-like

fun/o

rope, cord

radicul/o

nerve root, root

radic/o

nerve root, root

rhiz/o

nerve root, root

ram/o

nerve branch, branch

plex/o

plexus (interwoven network of nerves, blood, lymphatic vessels)

gangli/o

ganglion (groups of nerve cells)

gli/o

glia (supporting tissue of the nervous system), glue

somat/o

body (body of neuron)

som/o

body (body of neuron)

-some

body (body of neuron)

dendr/o

dendrite (part of the neuron), tree, branched structure

ax/o

axon (long process of the neuron), axle, axis

not/o

the back

spin/o

spine, thorn, vertebral column

vertebr/o

vertebra, back bone

spondyl/o

vertebra

esthesi/o

sensation, perception

esthet/o

sensation, perception

-esthesia

sensation, perception

gnost/o

knowledge

-gnosia

knowledge

-gnosis

knowledge

mnemon/o

memory

-mnesia

memory

leth/o

forgetfulness

letharg/o

mental sluggishness, drowsiness

top/o

place, spot, region

stere/o

solid, three-dimensional

kinesi/o

movement

kine/o

movement

-kinesia

movement

mot/o

movement

praxi/o

activity, doing, practice

-praxia

activity, doing, practice

-praxis

activity, doing, practice

tax/o

coordination, order

ton/o

tension, stretching, tone (especially in muscle)

spasm/o

spasm (a sudden involuntary muscle contraction)

spast/o

spasm (a sudden involuntary muscle contraction)

leps/o

seizure

lept/o

seizure

-lepsy

seizure

ict/o

seizure, stroke (CVA), blow

-ictal

seizure, stroke (CVA), Blow

pykn/o

thick, dense, frequent

pycn/o

thick, dense, frequent

pleg/o

paralysis, stroke

-plegia

paralysis, stroke

plect/o

paralysis, stroke

-plexy

paralysis, stroke

palsy

paralysis

-paresis

partial paralysis

sthen/o

strength

clon/o

clonus (i.e. spasmodic alteration of muscle contractions)

chore/o

chorea (i.e. involuntary dancing/writhing movement), dance

narc/o

stupor, sleep

hypn/o

sleep

somn/o

sleep

sopor/o

sleep

comat/o

coma (i.e. state of unconsciousness that can’t be aroused from)

-coma

coma (i.e. state of unconsciousness that can’t be aroused from)

lal/o

speech

-lalia

speech