chapter 29 keyterms OB 1-44

bacterial plaque

a local irritant that is a common cause of the inflammation of the gingival tissue

brown stains

usually associated with poor oral hygiene and are dull yellow to a lightest brown color

bruxism

teeth grinding

calculus

hard classified deposit of mineralized plaque that forms on teeth, restorations, and dental appliances; also know as tartar

coronal polish

procedure whereby coronal surfaces of the teeth are polished with rubber cups, brushes, and abrasive, polishers and dental tape(aka prophylaxis)

dental fluorosis

a condition caused by an excess intakes of fluorides during tooth development

dental tape

used on the interproximal surfaces of the teeth with an abrasive agent

electrosurgery

procedure tat uses tiny electrical currents to incise gingival tissue and coagulate blood

endogenous

originating from within the tooth

exogenous

originating from outside the tooth

extrinsic

on the outside of the tooth structure and can be removed by scaling and polishing

frenectomy

complete surgical removal of the frenum including attachment of underlying bone

fulcrum

the support or point on which a level turns

gingival grafting

procedure in which tissue is taken from one site and placed on another

gingivectomy

surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

gingivitis

inflammation of the gingival tissues marked by red, swollen, and/or bleeding gums

gingivoplasty

reshaping of the gingival tissues to remove such deformities as cleft, craters and enlargements

green stain

discoloration most often found in children, on the facial surface of the maxillary anterior teeth at the cervical third

guided tissue regeneration

a technique that uses barrier membranes to maintain a space between the gingival flap and the root surface of the tooth in order for tissues to regenerate in a periodontal defect

horizontal bone resorption

a result of periodontal disease when there is equal crestal bone loss on the mesial and distal surfaces of the proximal teeth

intrinsic

discolorations, usually permanent, inside the tooth structure

laser

a medical device that generates a precise beam of concentrated light energy

metallic stains

discolorations of the teeth due to metals and metallic salts inhaled, taken orally in certain drugs, or as part of the materials used in tooth restorations

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

also called Vincents disease or trench mouth, a common disease found in teenagers and young adults

necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)

disease found in patients with HIV infection and patients with severe malnutrition and suppressed immune systems

occlusal equilibration

process of alleviating areas with an excessive force

oral prophylaxis

two fold procedure involving removal of hard deposits and polishing of the teeth with a rubber cup

osseous surgery

restoration of bone by removal of defects and deformities caused by periodontal disease and related conditions

osteoplasty

form of osseous surgery in which deformed bone is removed

pellicle

thin, clear film of insoluble proteins, fats, and other materials from saliva that forms within minutes of removal

periodontal dressing

bandage like material applied to protect a surgical site as it heals

periodontal flap surgery

space in the gingival sulcus created by periodontal disease

periodontal pocket

space in the gingival sulcus created by periodontal disease

periodontists

the formation of periodontal pockets, occurring when margins of the gingiva and periodontal fibers recede and the supporting bone becomes inflamed and destroyed

periodontium

a collective term for the periodontal tissues

plaque

any raised or flat patch in the oral mucosa, a common cause of inflammation of gingival tissues; a sticky mass that contains bacteria and grows in colonies

recession

movement of gingival tissues away from the tooth

root planning

process of smoothing the root surface with curettes and other periodontal instruments to leave a smooth root surface

scaling

technique to remove plaque, calculus and stains from the teeth

subgingival

below the gingival margin

supragingival

above the gingival margin

tetracycline stain

discoloration of the teeth resulting from high concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics taken while the tooth was developing

tobacco stains

light brown to black discolorations of the teeth caused by coal from combustion in cigarettes and pigmented from chewing tobacco penetrating the pits and fissures on the enamel and dentin surfaces

tooth mobility

movement of the teeth within the socket