Psych Exam 2

Tversky and Kahneman 1981: Overall

Framing of the question framed which plan people chose even if they were the same

loss aversion bias

Tversky and Kahneman 1981: Positive Frame

“Saved”

focus on 0 people saved as a baseline- make anything above seem like. again

Tversky and Kahneman 1981: Negative Frame

“Die”

focus on 0 deaths as baseline, make anything below feel like a loss

Tversky and Kahneman 1981: System 1 Vs 2

System 1 sees guarnateed lives lost/saved - overrides system 2 by stress

gurenteed lost vs possible save - yes to risk

guarenteed saved vs possible loss - no to risk

Other examples: Coin flip and Charibdis vs Scylla

win- 150, loss 100- choose no - want 200 win - 2:1 ratio

Odyssey: loss aversion overwhelmed 8:1

Game theory

. B silent B Betrays

A silent Both 1 yr A serve 3, B free

A betray A free, B serve 3 Both 2 yr

Evolutionary Psychology 101 Terms

Genes - inherited in reproduction

Natural selection - inherit trait sbest suited to enviornment

selection pressures - make harder to survive - advantage some

Adaptation - Make more likely to survive - heritable

Human mind and evolutionary psychology

cognitive tools to survive ancestral challenges

Cost Benefit Analysis: Differential Valuation

some things more rewarding/costly than others

Cost Benefit Analysis: Ultimate reward

biological reproduction - increase survival/fitness of genes

Cost Benefit Analysis: Proximate rewards

Here and now rewards

Cost Benefit Analysis: Proximate costs

here and now costs

cooperation

Help others volintarily get along/share resources

coordination

orgganize/sychronize seperate tasks into an ordelry plan for a shared goal

Schelling point

Option people tend to pick when they have to coordinate without communicationg bc. seems most natural/obvious

Theory of mind

understand that othger people have own different thoughts/beliefs/desires/feelings/perspectives

Why do we help

social rewards

personal distress (reduced when help)

empathic concern (cognitive/emotional) - undertsand/feel too

Adapted to help offspring and close kin why?

share similar versions of genes

Altruism

incur a cost to benefit another