unit 3 psych behaviour , memeory, brain, mnemonics

behaviourist approach to learning emphasis..

The study of observable behaviour alone to understand and explain learning, without regard to underlying mental processes and states such as thoughts, feelings, motives and consciousness

Classical conditioning

• Before conditioning) neutral stimulus lacks a responce US

• During conditioning) Neutral stimulus paired with the unconditioned stimulus UCS

• After conditioning) Neutral stimulus now conditioned stimulus triggers conditioned response CR

Operant conditioning

• Antecedent) Environmental cue or trigger

• Behaviour) individuals responce to the cue

• Consequence) outcome follows behaviour (reinforcement or punishment)

Operant conditioning - reinforcement - pos/neg

INCREASES likelihood of behaviour repetiotion

Operant conditioning - punishment pos/neg

DECREASES the likelihood of behaviour

the social cognitive approach emphasises..

the social context in which learning occurs and the cognitive processes that influence the individual and the learning process

social cognitive approach - ARRMR

• Attention) Paying close attention to models ac’s actions

• Retention) Remembering what was observed

• Reproduction) Trying to do what was observed

• Motivation) Having a reason to learn from observation

• Reinforcement) outcomes influence whether behaviour is repeated

Aboriginal and Torres. strait islander ways of knowing emphasise….

a holistic approach and interconnected view of education.

This approach recognises the influence of one's surroundings, heritage, and community in the learning process

• highlights importance of context and cultural values in education

indigenous multimodal system..

knowledge is conveyed through various means, like story telling rituals

Atkinson-shiffrin mutli-store model represents..

memory as consisting of three separate stores called sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory

sensory memory

brief storage of sensory input (visual/auditory) for a few seconds

Short term memory

Information transferred hee for short-term use held for about 20sec

Long term memory

information stored semipermanently, potentially for a lifetime

Encoding is when…

information is initially perceived through the senses and encoded into sensory memory

storage is when…

if reheared or deemed important, information moves to long-term memory

Retrieval is when…

information can be retrieved for the LTM too STM for active uses

Hippocampus

Important for explicit memory (facts, events) and some aspect of implicit memory - spatial

Amygdala

enchances emotional aspects in both explicit (emotional events) and implict (fear conditioning) memory)

Neocortext

Stores and retreves explicit memory, contributes to impicit memeory (skills)

Basal ganglia

Support implicits memory (prodecual, habits) and plays a limited role i explicit memory

cerebellum

key for motor skill memory (implicit) and has a minor role in explicit memory

Episodic memory

Stores personal experiences, helping retrieve past events for autobiographical memory and providing details for constructing future scenarios

Semantic memory

Contains general facts and knowledge, contributing to the contextual construction of autobiographical events, and aiding the construction of imagined futures

Alzheimers disease

Brain lesions often affect the hippocampus, impairing episodic memory retrieval and making it difficult to recall autobiographical events and construct imagined futures

Aphantasia

a condition where mental imagery is limited or absent, leading to struggles with recalling autobiographical events and constructing vivid imagined future due to challenged visualising

Mnemonics serve as..

memory aids in different cultures, using various techniques to enhance encoding, storage, and retrieval of info

Mnemonics/written Acronyms

Abbreviations formed from inital letters or parts of a phrase - NASA, ANZAC, FBI

Mnemonics/written Acrostics

Phrases or sentences created using the initial letters of items to be remembered: Boys Eat Crunchy Apples Under Stinky Elephants.

Mnemonics/written method of loci

associating items with specific locations in an imagined or familiar place aiding recall

Mnemonics/oral song lines/ sung naratives

using songs, stories, and rituals to encode, store and transmit cultural knowlege orally

Mnemonics/oral oral tradition

Reliance on verbal communication, repetition, and communal memory to preserve history, traditions and information