exam 2 longevity and biological aging

In 2022 life expectancy

Partially rebounded in the US while stabilizing in most comparable countries

Group differences

Gender, SES, race/ethnicity

Late adulthood

Age 65+

Young old

65 to 74

Older old

75 to 84

Old old

85 and older

Centenarians and super centenarians

100+ years old

Physical Development is Peek in

Emerging adulthood

Senescence

Biological aging

Factors affecting differences among us

Genes, lifestyle, socioeconomic/suicidal advantage or disadvantage, historical period

Theories of biological aging – evolutionary theory

After we are done, procreating, there is no need

The whole goal of living is to pass on your genes

Theories of biological aging – cellular clock theory

telomere shortening

End of your chromosomes like the cap shoelaces

They get shorter and shorter, and then the cell dies

As we get older, it happens more rapidly

Theories of biological aging – free radical theory

Mutations and cancer

Free radicals are antioxidants

As a result of metabolism free radicals are produced

When they are unstable, they steal electrons

Antioxidants stabilize the free radicals because they give an electron

Theories of biological aging – mitochondrial theory

Cells power source, DNA

Produce free radicals when metabolize food/calories to produce ATP

Sensitive to environment

From mother only because it is in the egg

Theories of biological aging – stress and immunity theories

Role of cortisol in immune system functioning as we age

AlloStatic load and environmental stress

Role of cortisol in immune system functioning as B age

Helps your stress, but when we get older or are young and constantly under stress, we produce more stress so more cortisol is streamed through our body, but this happens naturally when you’re older. More stress hormones negatively affect How our brain grows and function functions

AlloStatic load and environmental stress

Level of stress, hormones, causes premature, aging, and decline

Humans are living longer and longer

How would you best describe the trajectory in human life expectancy over the last 120 years

Rapid increase in the first half of the 20th century then mostly slow steady increases from the mid 20th century to present

T or f Latinos have a shorter lifespan than other racial or ethnic groups due to their lower median income in the us

False

T or f on average immigrants in the us have a shorter lifespan than expectancy than non immigrant Americans due to the hardships they have faced

False

From the body growth and longevity modules what’s true regarding the immune system in middle and or late adulthood

As we get older we produce less DHEAS which helps mitigate the negative effects of cortisol on our body

The thymus disappears in middle/late adulthood

Which country was the most disproportionately/overly represented on the Wikipedia list of oldest living people as compared to its share of the world population

Japan