Components of Natural Environments and Ecological Study Tools

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Vocabulary flashcards covering the components of natural environments, the characteristics of living organisms, ecological sampling tools, and soil fauna extraction.

23 Terms

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Être vivant

Organisme qui accomplit les fonctions biologiques fondamentales : la respiration, la nutrition, la reproduction, la croissance et l'élimination des déchets.

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Composante vivante

Ensemble des organismes vivants d'un milieu naturel, comprenant la faune (animaux) et la flore (végétaux).

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Composante non vivante (minérale)

Partie inerte ou physique d'un milieu naturel, comprenant l'eau, l'air, les roches et le sol.

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Corde (en sortie écologique)

Outil utilisé sur le terrain pour délimiter avec précision la surface ou la zone d'étude à explorer.

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Filet (filet fauchoir / à papillons)

Instrument servant à capturer des insectes volants ou petits animaux dans la végétation sans les abîmer.

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Thermomètre

Instrument de mesure servant à déterminer la température de l'air, du sol ou de l'eau d'un milieu.

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Boîte de Pétri (ou flacon de prélèvement)

Récipient utilisé pour stocker, conserver et transporter des échantillons prélevés dans le milieu naturel.

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Jumelles

Instrument d'optique permettant d'observer les animaux à distance (notamment les oiseaux) sans les perturber.

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Appareil de Berlèse

Dispositif expérimental servant à extraire les petits animaux du sol en exploitant leur fuite de la chaleur et de la lumière d'une lampe vers un récipient récepteur.

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Loupe binoculaire

Appareil optique offrant une vue grossie en relief pour observer et identifier la microfaune ou les petits fragments du sol.

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Faune du sol

Ensemble des petits animaux (acariens, collemboles, myriapodes, cloportes, etc.) qui habitent la litière et les couches superficielles du sol.

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Living Being (Être vivant)

An organism that performs essential biological functions, including nutrition, respiration, growth, reproduction, and death.

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Non-Living Component (Composante non-vivante)

The physical, chemical, or mineral constituents of an environment (such as water, rocks, air, and temperature) that do not possess life.

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Natural Environment (Milieu naturel)

A specific ecological setting, such as a forest or littoral zone, formed by the coexistence and interaction of living organisms and non-living elements.

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Berlese Apparatus (Appareil de Berlese)

A laboratory setup that uses a lamp (heat and light source) above a funnel with a sieve to drive light- and heat-sensitive micro-invertebrates downward into a collection container.

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Soil Fauna (Faune du sol)

The diverse assemblage of small animals and micro-arthropods (such as mites, springtails/collembola, and pseudoscorpions) that inhabit leaf litter and soil.

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Binocular Loupe (Loupe binoculaire)

An optical device providing low to medium stereoscopic magnification, used to observe small organisms such as extracted soil fauna in three dimensions.

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Insect Net (Filet à papillon / insectes)

A lightweight mesh net used in field ecology to capture flying or terrestrial insects without harming them.

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Field Cord (Corde)

A string or rope utilized during ecological fieldwork to measure distances or physically delimit a specific study area (transect or plot).

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Thermometer

A measuring tool used in ecological investigations to record ambient physical temperatures in the air, water, or soil.

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Littoral Milieu (Milieu littoral)

A coastal or shoreline ecosystem located along a body of water, supporting specialized flora, fauna, and non-living substrates.

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Forest Milieu (Milieu forestier)

A terrestrial ecosystem dominated by trees and dense vegetation, accommodating characteristic plant, animal, and soil communities.

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Biological Nutrition (La nutrition)

A fundamental characteristic of living organisms involving the ingestion and processing of matter and energy from the environment.