Learn: AP US History Period 4 (1800-1850)

What year was the Louisiana Purchase finalized?

1803

Which US President authorized the Louisiana Purchase?

Thomas Jefferson

From which country did the United States purchase the Louisiana Territory?

France

How much did the United States pay for the Louisiana Territory?

15 million dollars

What constitutional dilemma did Jefferson face regarding the Louisiana Purchase?

He believed in strict construction, but the Constitution did not explicitly grant the power to acquire new territory.

Who was the US President during the War of 1812?

James Madison

What British practice of kidnapping American sailors contributed to the War of 1812?

Impressment

What political party strongly opposed the War of 1812 and met at the Hartford Convention?

Federalist Party

What famous battle of the War of 1812 was fought after the peace treaty had already been signed?

Battle of New Orleans

Who emerged as a national hero after the Battle of New Orleans?

Andrew Jackson

What treaty ended the War of 1812 and restored prewar conditions?

Treaty of Ghent

What nationalist political period followed the end of the War of 1812?

The Era of Good Feelings

What was the name of the young, aggressive congressmen who pushed for war with Britain in 1812?

War Hawks

Which two future political leaders led the "War Hawks" in Congress?

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

What prominent public building was burned by the British during the War of 1812?

The White House (Executive Mansion)

Who was the US President during the Era of Good Feelings and author of the Monroe Doctrine?

James Monroe

When was the Monroe Doctrine issued?

1823

What was the primary warning of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers?

To stay out of the Western Hemisphere and not colonize the Americas.

What statesman largely drafted the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State?

John Quincy Adams

What year was the Missouri Compromise passed?

1820

Who authored the Missouri Compromise to defuse sectional conflict?

Henry Clay

Which state entered the Union as a free state under the Missouri Compromise?

Maine

Which state entered the Union as a slave state under the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri

What geographic line did the Missouri Compromise establish to regulate slavery in the remaining Louisiana Territory?

36°30' parallel

Why was the balance of power in the Senate so critical during the Missouri Compromise debates?

To maintain equal voting power between northern free states and southern slave states.

What major economic transformation in the early 19th century shifted the US from subsistence farming to a market economy?

The Market Revolution

Who invented the cotton gin in 1793?

Eli Whitney

What unintended consequence did the invention of the cotton gin have on the institution of slavery?

It massively increased the demand for enslaved labor in the South.

What manufacturing innovation popularized by Eli Whitney involved creating uniform parts that could be easily replaced?

Interchangeable parts

What transportation project, completed in 1825, connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie?

The Erie Canal

What nickname was given to Henry Clay's economic plan involving a national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements?

The American System

What federal road project began in 1811 to connect Maryland to the West?

The National Road (Cumberland Road)

What labor system in early Massachusetts textile mills primarily employed young unmarried women?

The Lowell System

What invention by Samuel Morse revolutionized long-distance communication in the 1840s?

The telegraph

What economic panic in 1819 was caused by overspeculation in western lands and policies of the Second Bank of the US?

Panic of 1819

What Supreme Court case established the principle of implied powers and upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the US?

McCulloch v. Maryland

What Supreme Court case established the federal government's supremacy in regulating interstate commerce?

Gibbons v. Ogden

What was the primary source of power for early American factories before the widespread use of electricity?

Water power (rivers and waterfalls)

What term describes the transition from hand production methods to machines, starting in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

Industrialization

What was the main economic staple crop of the antebellum American South?

Cotton

What political party was formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson to oppose John Quincy Adams?

Democratic Party

What term describes Andrew Jackson's practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs?

The spoils system

What major political crisis during Jackson's presidency involved South Carolina attempting to void federal tariffs?

Nullification Crisis

Who was Andrew Jackson's Vice President who secretly wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest?

John C. Calhoun

What act did Congress pass to reduce federal tariffs and resolve the Nullification Crisis?

Compromise Tariff of 1833

What law did Andrew Jackson sign in 1830 to relocate Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River?

Indian Removal Act

What tragic forced march of the Cherokee nation to Oklahoma is known as the Trail of Tears?

The Trail of Tears

What Supreme Court case ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a distinct community in which the laws of Georgia had no force?

Worcester v. Georgia

How did Andrew Jackson respond to the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?

He allegedly defied it, stating, "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it."

What institution did Andrew Jackson wage a political "war" against, eventually vetoing its recharter in 1832?

The Second Bank of the United States

What political party emerged in the 1830s specifically to oppose the policies of "King Andrew" Jackson?

The Whig Party

Who was the leader of the Whig Party and rival of Andrew Jackson known as the "Great Compromiser"?

Henry Clay

What financial crisis occurred shortly after Martin Van Buren took office, largely caused by Jackson's economic policies?

Panic of 1837

Who was the first US President to die in office, serving for only a month in 1841?

William Henry Harrison

Which US President took office after Harrison's death and was nicknamed "His Accidency" by members of his own party?

John Tyler

What religious revival movement in the early 19th century emphasized free will, salvation, and social reform?

The Second Great Awakening

Who was one of the most prominent revivalist preachers of the Second Great Awakening?

Charles Grandison Finney

What literary and philosophical movement of the mid-19th century emphasized intuition, nature, and self-reliance?

Transcendentalism

Who was the author of "Self-Reliance" and a leading figure in the Transcendentalist movement?

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Which Transcendentalist author wrote "Walden" and practiced civil disobedience against the Mexican-American War?

Henry David Thoreau

What reform movement sought the immediate end of slavery in the United States?

Abolitionism

Who was the escaped slave who published the abolitionist newspaper "The North Star"?

Frederick Douglass

Who founded the radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator" in 1831?

William Lloyd Garrison

What was the name of the network of secret routes and safe houses used by escaping enslaved people?

The Underground Railroad

Who was the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad, helping dozens of enslaved people escape?

Harriet Tubman

What was the first women's rights convention in American history, held in 1848?

Seneca Falls Convention

Who were the two main organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

What manifesto was issued at the Seneca Falls Convention, modeled after the Declaration of Independence?

Declaration of Sentiments

What 19th-century belief held that the US was divinely ordained to expand across the North American continent?

Manifest Destiny

Who coined the term "Manifest Destiny" in 1845?

John L. O'Sullivan

Which US President was elected in 1844 on an expansionist platform, promising to acquire Texas and Oregon?

James K. Polk

What was the primary cause of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848)?

A border dispute over the Texas-Mexico boundary

What treaty ended the Mexican-American War in 1848?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

What vast territory did the United States acquire as a result of the Mexican-American War?

The Mexican Cession

What proposed congressional bill sought to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico?

Wilmot Proviso