4.2 Extrinsic and Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

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18 Terms

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Extrinsic laryngeal muscles

one attachment on the larynx, one outside the larynx

  • position the entire larynx

  • important for swallowing

  • important for singing


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Anterior Belly digastric

O: midline inner surface of the mandible

I: hyoid

F: pulls hyoid upward and forward

<p>O: midline inner surface of the mandible</p><p>I: hyoid</p><p>F: pulls hyoid upward and forward</p>
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Posterior belly digastric

O: mastoid process

I: hyoid

F: pulls hyoid upward and backward

<p>O: mastoid process</p><p>I: hyoid</p><p>F: pulls hyoid upward and backward</p>
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Stylohyoid

“upper neck”

O: styloid process

I: hyoid

F: pulls hyoid upwards and backwards

  • elevates larynx, narrows pharynx (swallowing)


<p>“upper neck”</p><p>O: styloid process</p><p>I: hyoid</p><p>F: pulls hyoid upwards and backwards</p><ul><li><p>elevates larynx, narrows pharynx (swallowing)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Mylohyoid

O: Mylohyoid line of inside of mandible

I: tendinous midline raphe running from mandible to hyoid

F: pulls hyoid upward and forward

<p>O: Mylohyoid line of inside of mandible</p><p>I: tendinous midline raphe running from mandible to hyoid</p><p>F: pulls hyoid upward and forward</p>
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Geniohyoid

O: midline of the mandible

I: hyoid body

F: pulls hyoid upward and forward

<p>O: midline of the mandible</p><p>I: hyoid body</p><p>F: pulls hyoid upward and forward</p>
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Thyrohyoid

O: oblique line of thyroid

I: greater horns of hyoid

F(hyoid is fixed): pulls larynx upward

F(larynx is fixed): pulls hyoid downward

<p>O: oblique line of thyroid</p><p>I: greater horns of hyoid</p><p>F(hyoid is fixed): pulls larynx upward</p><p>F(larynx is fixed): pulls hyoid downward</p>
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Sternothyroid

O: sternum (and 1st costal cartilage)
I: oblique line of thyroid

F: lower larynx

<p>O: sternum (and 1st costal cartilage)<br>I: oblique line of thyroid</p><p>F: lower larynx</p>
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Sternohyoid

O: sternum and clavicle

I: hyoid

F: lower larynx

<p>O: sternum and clavicle</p><p>I: hyoid</p><p>F: lower larynx</p>
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Omohyoid

Superior belly:

  • O: intermediate tendon

  • I: hyoid

Inferior belly:

  • O: scapula

  • I: intermediate tendon

F: lower larynx


<p>Superior belly:</p><ul><li><p>O: intermediate tendon</p></li><li><p>I: hyoid</p></li></ul><p>Inferior belly:</p><ul><li><p>O: scapula</p></li><li><p>I: intermediate tendon</p></li></ul><p>F: lower larynx</p><p></p>
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Suprahyoid muscles

muscles that attach to hyoid and structures above the hyoid = laryngeal elevators

  • digastricus anterior, digastricus posterior, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, mylohyoid


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Infrahyoid muscles

muscles that attach to hyoid and structures below the hyoid = laryngeal depressors

  • omohyoids, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid* (also levetator!)


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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Both attachments on the larynx

  • responsible for regulating the positioning of the laryngeal cartilages

  • responsible for the movement of the vocal folds


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Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Only intrinsic abductor

  • during contraction, muscular processes are pulled posteriorly and the glottis opens


<p>Only intrinsic abductor</p><ul><li><p>during contraction, muscular processes are pulled posteriorly and the glottis opens</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Interarytenoids

Unpaired muscles between two arytenoids

  • Transverse: pulls bases of arytenoids together

  • Oblique: pills tips of arytenoids together, X shape

F: draw the arytenoids together in the midline, approximating VFs and closing the glottis


<p>Unpaired muscles between two arytenoids</p><ul><li><p>Transverse: pulls bases of arytenoids together</p></li><li><p>Oblique: pills tips of arytenoids together, X shape</p></li></ul><p>F: draw the arytenoids together in the midline, approximating VFs and closing the glottis</p><p></p>
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Lateral cricoarytenoids

Paired muscles

  • run superiorly and posteriorly of the arch, inserts on the anterior surface of the muscular process

F: adducts VFs by pulling the arytenoids forward and drawing the vocal processes medially


<p>Paired muscles</p><ul><li><p>run superiorly and posteriorly of the arch, inserts on the anterior surface of the muscular process</p></li></ul><p>F: adducts VFs by pulling the arytenoids forward and drawing the vocal processes medially</p><p></p>
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Cricothyroids

Main muscles for pitch control

  • raises pitch by rocking the cricoid upward or thyroid downward → stretches VFs

Parts:

  • pars recta

  • pars oblique


<p>Main muscles for pitch control</p><ul><li><p>raises pitch by rocking the cricoid upward or thyroid downward → stretches VFs</p></li></ul><p>Parts:</p><ul><li><p>pars recta</p></li><li><p>pars oblique</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Thyroarytenoids

2 parts:

  1. Thyromuscularis: lateral portion of VFs

  2. Thyrovocalis: medial portion

F: VFs shorten when unopposed and tense when opposed