Adolescence and Adulthood Development

Vocabulary flashcards covering physical, cognitive, and social development across adolescence and adulthood, Erik Erikson's eight psychosocial stages, and Kübler-Ross' five stages of death.

Adolescence

The developmental period where a child is transforming into an adult; its beginning is usually biologically defined, while its end is usually socially defined.

Menarche

The first occurrence of menstruation in females, marking a key physical milestone of puberty.

Spermarche

The beginning of sperm development in males during puberty.

Timing of Puberty Advantage

The developmental pattern where early maturation is advantageous for boys, while average timing is advantageous for girls.

Secular Trend

A historical change in the timing of developmental milestones over generations, specifically referring to the earlier onset of maturation.

Formal Operations Stage

Piaget's stage of cognitive development reached in adolescence, characterized by questioning, idealism, and egocentrism.

Personal Fable

A form of adolescent egocentrism involving the belief in one's own uniqueness, invulnerability, and special destiny.

Imaginary Audience

A manifestation of adolescent egocentrism where an individual believes everyone else is constantly watching, listening to, and judging them.

Social Clock

A culturally determined timetable that dictates the expected timing for major adult status transitions and life milestones.

Rites of Passage

Social rituals or ceremonies that mark the transition from adolescent status to adult status.

Executive Independence

The ability to take autonomous control of one's own life and decisions during the transition to adult status.

Psychosocial Theory

Erik Erikson's eight-stage lifespan theory (cradle to grave) that focuses on social development and challenges, contrasted with Freud's psychosexual theory.

Trust v. Mistrust

Erik Erikson's first psychosocial stage, spanning ages 0 to 1.

Autonomy v. Shame

Erik Erikson's second psychosocial stage, spanning ages 1 to 2.

Initiative v. Guilt

Erik Erikson's third psychosocial stage, spanning ages 3 to 5.

Industry v. Inferiority

Erik Erikson's fourth psychosocial stage, spanning from age 6 to puberty.

Identity v. Role Confusion

Erik Erikson's fifth psychosocial stage, occurring during adolescence and centered around answering 'Who am I?' amid turbulence, sexuality, and peer focus.

Intimacy v. Isolation

Erik Erikson's sixth psychosocial stage, occurring during early adulthood.

Generativity v. Self Absorption

Erik Erikson's seventh psychosocial stage, occurring during middle adulthood.

Integrity v. Despair

Erik Erikson's eighth and final psychosocial stage, occurring during late adulthood.

Social Development in Early Adulthood

A life period marked by navigating work, marriage, the pursuit of 'The Dream', and associated stress.

Social Development in Middle Adulthood

A life period centered on adjustment to potential challenges such as a midlife crisis and the empty nest.

Ageism

Prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on late adulthood status.

Social Development in Late Adulthood

A period characterized by adjustments to ageism, retirement, and widowhood.

The Envelope Question Exercise

An exercise utilized to explore how humans deal with their mortality and the challenge of knowing about death.

Kübler-Ross' Five Stages of Death

A model outlining five psychological reactions to dying: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance.

Denial

The first stage of death in Kübler-Ross' model, characterized by the thought: 'it’s not happening.'

Anger

The second stage of death in Kübler-Ross' model, characterized by the reaction: 'damn it, it’s not fair.'

Bargaining

The third stage of death in Kübler-Ross' model, characterized by seeking a deal: 'God, let’s make a deal.'

Depression

The fourth stage of death in Kübler-Ross' model, characterized by mourning one's own impending death.

Acceptance

The fifth and final stage of death in Kübler-Ross' model, characterized by recognizing and accepting 'the circle of life.'