Urinary Crystals

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Last updated 4:32 AM on 10/3/26

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13 Terms

1

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Amorphous urates

Normal crystal found in acid or neutral urine

Irregular granules

form pink precipitate at bottom of tube, dissolve by warming to 60 degrees C.

<p>Normal crystal found in acid or neutral urine</p><p>Irregular granules</p><p>form pink precipitate at bottom of tube, dissolve by warming to 60 degrees C.</p>

2

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Uric acid

Normal crystal found in acid or neutral urine

Pleomorphic. 4-sided, 6-sided, star-shaped, rosettes, spears, plates. Colorless, red-brown, or yellow.

Birefringent, polarizes light

<p>Normal crystal found in acid or neutral urine</p><p>Pleomorphic. 4-sided, 6-sided, star-shaped, rosettes, spears, plates. Colorless, red-brown, or yellow.</p><p>Birefringent, polarizes light</p>

3

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Calcium oxalate

Normal crystal found in neutral or acid urine

Octahedral envelope form is most common. Also dumbbell and ovoid forms.

Most common constituent of renal calculi.

<p>Normal crystal found in neutral or acid urine</p><p>Octahedral envelope form is most common. Also dumbbell and ovoid forms.</p><p>Most common constituent of renal calculi.</p>

4

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Amorphous phosphates

Normal crystal found in alkaline urine

irregular granules

form white precipitate at bottom of tube, dissolve with 2% acetic acid

<p>Normal crystal found in alkaline urine</p><p>irregular granules</p><p>form white precipitate at bottom of tube, dissolve with 2% acetic acid</p>

5

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Triple phosphate

Normal crystal found in alkaline urine

"coffin-lid" crystal

<p>Normal crystal found in alkaline urine</p><p>"coffin-lid" crystal</p>

6

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Ammonium biurate

Normal crystal found in alkaline urine

Yellow-brown "thorn apples" and spheres

seen in old specimens

<p>Normal crystal found in alkaline urine</p><p>Yellow-brown "thorn apples" and spheres</p><p>seen in old specimens</p>

7

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Calcium phosphate

Normal crystal found in alkaline urine

needles, rosettes, "pointing finger"

only needle form seen in alkaline urine

<p>Normal crystal found in alkaline urine</p><p>needles, rosettes, "pointing finger"</p><p>only needle form seen in alkaline urine</p>

8

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Calcium carbonate

Normal crystal found in alkaline urine

colorless dumbbells or aggregates

<p>Normal crystal found in alkaline urine</p><p>colorless dumbbells or aggregates</p>

9

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Leucine

Abnormal crystal

Yellow, oily-looking spheres. Radial and concentric striations.

Seen in severe liver disease and often seen with tyrosine

<p>Abnormal crystal</p><p>Yellow, oily-looking spheres. Radial and concentric striations.</p><p>Seen in severe liver disease and often seen with tyrosine</p>

10

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Tyrosine

Abnormal crystal

Fine yellow needles in sheaves or rosettes.

Seen in severe liver disease and often seen with leucine

<p>Abnormal crystal</p><p>Fine yellow needles in sheaves or rosettes. </p><p>Seen in severe liver disease and often seen with leucine</p>

11

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Cystine

Abnormal crystal

Hexagonal

Seen in cystinuria; must differentiate from uric acid (doesn't polarize light)

<p>Abnormal crystal</p><p>Hexagonal</p><p>Seen in cystinuria; must differentiate from uric acid (doesn't polarize light)</p>

12

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Cholesterol

Abnormal crystal

Flat plates. Notched out corners. "Stair steps"

Seen in nephrotic syndrome and are birefringent

<p>Abnormal crystal</p><p>Flat plates. Notched out corners. "Stair steps"</p><p>Seen in nephrotic syndrome and are birefringent</p>

13

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Bilirubin

Abnormal crystal

Yellowish-brown needles, plates, granules.

Seen in liver disease.

<p>Abnormal crystal</p><p>Yellowish-brown needles, plates, granules.</p><p>Seen in liver disease.</p>