VM 709- Adaptive immunity, antibodies, and immunodiagnostics

What do PAMPs help differentiate in the immune system?

“self” from “non-self”

What do DAMPs help differentiate in the immune system?

“Healthy self” from “damaged self”

Where are selectins upregulated?

On the surface of the endothelial cells

Where are sialyl lewis molecules bound to?

The surface of neutrophils

What molecules bind ICAM?

Integrins

What is the role of PCAMs?

To pull a cell THROUGH the endothelium

What duration of inflammation are basophils indicative of?

Chronic inflammation

What is the main function of B1 B cells?

They make antibody even if they’ve never seen the antigen before.

What do Natural Killer Cells (NKs) respond to?

The proteins attached to MHC1

What kind of molecules do natural killer cells release to attack non-self cells?

Perforin and granzymes

How can TNF-alpha kill non-cell target cells?

By binding TNFR-1

What is the name of a B cell receptor?

Antibody

Which types of T cells recognize antigen in MHC class I molecules?

CD8

Which types of T cells recognize antigen in MHC class II molecules?

CD4

Where does the CD28 molecule live?

On the surface of T-cells

What 2 things have to happen for the T-cell to be activated?

CD28 and B7 must be costimulated at the same time

What is the main purpose of regulatory T-cells?

They regulate the activity of the other T-cells (anti-inflammatory, shut other cells down)

What are the 4 main categories of cells that are involved in innate immunity?

1. Dendritic cells

2. Macrophages

3. NK cells

4. Neutrophils

What are antibodies composed of?

Proteins made by B cells

What is a neoantigen in the context of adaptive immunity?

A novel antigen not represented within the genome

What is an epitope?

The specific part of an antigen that is bound and recognized by the TCR or antibody

In which body tissues do T-cells typically encounter antigen?

1. Spleen

2. Lymph nodes

3. Peyer’s patches

What kind of immune cells are lower in number when animals are newborns?

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

What 3 maternal aspects make up passive immunity for a newborn?

1. Maternal antibodies

2. Maternal complement

3. Maternal lymphocytes

How are maternal antibodies passed from mother to baby?

Through placenta and colostrum

When do maternal antibodies disappear from the baby’s immune system?

At 4-6 months old

Which antibody type does IL-5 augment production for?

IgA

What is the antibody that B-cells FIRST make?

IgM

Which kinds of antibodies are best at opsonization?

IgG

Which antibody type is responsible for mast cell sensitization?

IgE