A&P Joints

functional classification

degree of movement

synarthrosis (functional classification)

immovable joint

amphiarthrosis (functional classification)

slightly movable joint

diarthrosis (functional classification)

freely movable joint

structural classification

what connects the bones

fibrous (structural classification)

solid mass of connective tissue between bones

cartilaginous (structural classification)

cartilage between bones

synovial (structural classification)

joint incorporates lubricated cavity

plane joint

synovial joint; ; biaxial ; ex: intercarpal joints, intertasal joints

hinge joint

synovial joint; uniaxial ; ex: interphalangeal joint

pivot joint

synovial joint; uniaxial; ex: atlanto-axial joint

condyloid or elliposidal joint

synovial joint; bilateral ; ex: radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal

saddle joint

synovial joint; biaxial ; ex: carpometacarpal

ball and socket joint

synovial joint; triaxial ; ex: shoulder & hip joint

glenohumeral joint

shoulder joint

glenohumeral ligaments of glenohumeral joint

composed of three thickenings of the articular capsule over the anterior surface of the joint - Shoulder joint

coracohumeral ligament of glenohumeral joint

extends from coracoid process of head of humerus - Shoulder joint

coracoacromial ligament of glenohumeral joint

supports the superior surface of the capsule, spanning from coracoid process to the acromion - Shoulder joint

acromioclavicular ligament of glenohumeral joint

binds the acromion to the clavicle, restricting clavicular movement at the acromial end - Shoulder joint

coracoclavicular ligament of glenohumeral joint

connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula, helping to limit the relative motion between the clavicle and scapula

ulnar collateral ligament of humeroulnar joint

Elbow joint

radial collateral ligament

Elbow joint

annular ligament of humeroulnar joint

Elbow joint

patellar ligament of tibiofemoral joint

Knee joint

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament of tibiofemoral joint

Knee joint

tibial (medial) collateral ligament of tibiofemoral joint

Knee joint

anterior cruciate ligament of tibiofemoral joint

Knee joint

posterior cruciate ligament of tibiofemoral joint

Knee joint

acetabular labrum of coxal joint

makes acetabulum bigger

iliofemoral ligament of coxal joint

attaches from femur to ilium - Hip joint

pubofemoral ligament of coxal joint

attaches from femur to pubis - Hip joint

ischiofemoral ligament of coxal joint

attaches femur to ischium - Hip joint

transverse acetabular ligament

completes bowl of acetabulum - Hip joint

acromioclavicular joint

connects scapula and clavicle - Shoulder joint

plane joint

Non-axial or gliding - Intercarpal & Intertarsal joints

pivot joint

Uniaxial or monoaxial - Proximal radioulnar & Atlantoaxial joint

saddle joint

Biaxial - Carpometacarpal joint of digit 1

hinge joint

Uniaxial or monoaxial - Humeroulnar joint

condyloid joint

Biaxial - Metacarpophalangeal & Metatarsophalangeal joints

ball and socket joint

Multiaxial or triaxial - Glenohumeral & Acetabulofemoral joint

synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

suture (fibrous joint)

suture (fibrous joint)

coronal suture

amphiarthrosis

syndesmosis (fibrous joint) ; distal tibiofibular joint

Gomphosis

Synarthrosis (fibrous joint) ; Tooth-Alveolar socket

synarthrosis

synchondrosis (cartilaginous joint) ; Epiphyseal plate

Amphiarthrosis

Symphysis (cartilaginous joint) ; Pubic symphysis OR Intervertebral discs

Sagittal & Frontal plane

Angular movements

Flexion , Extension , Hyperextension , Dorsiflexion (ankle flexion) , Plantarflexion (ankle extension)

Sagittal plane

Abduction , Adduction , Inversion , Eversion , Lateral flexion

Frontal plane

Lateral rotation , Medial rotation , Right rotation , Left rotation , Supination , pronation

Rotation

Opposition , Retraction , Protraction , Depression , Elevation

Special movements

Circumduction

Movements allowed by synovial joints