Unit 4
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Last updated 4:46 PM on 3/13/25
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11 Terms
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Ribosome
Highly abundant compact particles essential for protein synthesis, composed of two distinct subunits (large and small).
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Translation
The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, occurring in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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Codon
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
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Anticodon
A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with a corresponding codon in mRNA.
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AUG codon
The start codon in mRNA that initiates protein synthesis.
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Shine-Dalgarno sequence
A specific sequence in bacterial mRNAs that helps the ribosome recognize the start codon.
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Initiator tRNA
The tRNA that carries the first amino acid (Methionine in eukaryotes) and initiates translation.
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Polysome
A complex of multiple ribosomes translating a single mRNA molecule simultaneously.
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Proteasome
A eukaryotic multisubunit protease complex that degrades proteins marked for destruction by ubiquitin.
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Stop codons
Three codons (UAG, UAA, UGA) that signal the termination of protein synthesis.
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Peptidyl-transferase
An rRNA with enzymatic activity that catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis.
