Neck & Additional Chest Projections

what is A in this image?

soft palate

what is B in this image?

pharyngeal tonsil

what is C in this image?

nasopharynx

what is D in this image?

uvula

what is E in this image?

oropharynx

what is F in this image?

epiglottis

what is G in this image?

vocal cords

what is H in this image?

larynx

what is I in this image?

hard palate

what is J in this image?

hyoid bone

what is K in this image?

laryngeal pharynx

what is L in this image?

trachea

what is M in this image?

thyroid cartilage

what is N in this image?

esophagus

in what position (s) can an AP trachea be performed?

supine or upright

where do you center for an AP/Lateral trachea that’s only meant to show the upper airway?

laryngeal prominence

where do you center for an AP/Lateral trachea in order to capture the entire trachea?

manubrium

SID for AP/Lateral trachea?

40 in

why would an upper airway/soft tissue xray typically be ordered?

to demonstrate foreign bodies, swelling, masses, and fractures of the larynx/hyoid bone

when is exposure made during an AP/lateral trachea projection?

slow inspiration

how are shoulders position for a lateral trachea?

flexed/ rotated posteriorly

where is the side of interest placed in relation to the IR for a PA Oblique Chest?

farthest from the IR (elevated side)

a _____ degree oblique position is used for barium cardiac series

55 to 60

how is the part position for a PA Oblique Chest?

45 degree LAO or RAO

where is the IR centered for the PA Oblique Chest?

top of IR 1.5 to 22 inches above vertebra prominens

how are arms placed for the PA Oblique Chest?

positioned out of collimated field

how is the CR lined up for a PA oblique chest?

CR enters at level of T7

when is the exposure made for the PA oblique chest?

second full expiration

how are PA Oblique chest position for a barium cardiac series?

left anterior w/ oblique 55-60 degrees of rotation

how is the side of interest placed for an AP Oblique Chest?

closer to IR (dependent side)

how is the part position for a AP Oblique Chest?

45 degree LPO or RPO

how are arms/shoulders placed for an AP Oblique Chest?

arms out of field and shoulders in the same transverse plane

how is the CR centered for an AP Oblique chest?

perpendicular to IR and enters 3 inches below jugular notch

when is exposure made for the AP Oblique Chest?

second full inspiration

when is the supine AP chest typically used?

when the patient is too ill for upright positions

how is the IR positioned during an AP chest?

1.5 to 2 inches above shoulders

how should the patient’s arms be placed for an AP Chest?

flex elbows, pronate and places hands on hips to draw scapular laterally

how is the CR centered for an AP chest?

perpendicular to long axis of sternum and enters 3 inches below the jugular notch

when is exposure made for an AP chest?

second full inspiration

how is the patient positioned for an AP axial chest lordotic position?

upright, facing the tube and approximately 1 foot in front of grid

how is the IR position for an AP chest in the lordotic position?

3 inches above patient’s shoulder when they are in lordotic position

how should the patient’s shoulders be placed for the AP chest in lordotic positon?

with their shoulder resting on the grid

how is the CR lined up for an AP Axial Chest (lordotic)

perpendicular to IR and enters MSP at midsternum

when is exposure made for the AP axial chest (lordotic)

second full inspiration

in a gravitation field, liquids always flow ___

downstream

in a gravitation field, air will always move to the ____ position

highest

when are decubitus chest exams typically ordered?

for air and fluid based manifestations

for an AP or PA projection what type of decubitus position would be used?

right or left lateral decubitus

for a lateral chest projection, what type of decubitus position could be used?

ventral or dorsal decubitus position

to demonstrate fluid in a patient, what side should be down for a lateral decubitus chest?

affected side

to demonstrate free air in a patient, what side should be down for a lateral decubitus chest?

unaffected side

when should the exposure be taken for a lateral decubitus chest position?

5 minutes after the patient has been positioned

why should the radiographer wait before exposing for a lateral decubitus chest?

to allow fluid to settle or air to rise

how is the IR positioned for a lateral decubitus chest?

1.5 to 2 inches beyond the shoulders

when should you elevate the patient 2 to 3 inches up for a lateral decubitus position

when patient is lying on affected side

how is the CR lined up for a lateral decubitus chest?

horizontal/perpendicular to the IR

for an AP lateral decubitus chest, where does the CR enter the patient’s MSP?

3 inches below jugular notch

for a PA lateral decubitus chest, where does the CR enter the patient’s MSP?

at T7( sternal angle of the scapulae)

when is exposure made during a lateral decubitus chest?

second full inspiration

what is a lateral decubitus chest used to show in a patient?

changes in fluid position and/or presence of free air

how is the patient position for a ventral/dorsal decubitus chest?

prone/supine with the body elevated 2 to 3 inches

how is the IR position for a ventral or dorsal decubitus chest?

top of IR is at C5 (level of thyroid cartilage)

the patient lies in position for ____ to allow fluid to settle/air to rise for a ventral/dorsal decubitus

5 minutes

which side is placed against the IR for the ventral/dorsal decubitus chest?

affected side

where does the CR enter a patient for a ventral decubitus chest?

enters MCP at T7

where does the CR enter a patient for a dorsal decubitus chest?

enters MCP 3 to 4 inches below jugular notch

when is the exposure made during a ventral/dorsal decubitus chest?

second full inspiration

what structures are shown in a ventral/decubitus chest?

changes in fluid position