Upper Extremity Muscles and Actions

Upper Trapezius

Scapular elevation: retraction, upward rotation; C/S: extension, side-bend IL, rotation CL

Middle Trapezius

Scapular retraction

Lower Trapezius

Scapular depression, retraction, upward rotation

Latissimus Dorsi

Humeral adduction, extension, medial rotation

Rhomboid Major

Scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation

Rhomboid Minor

Scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation

Levator Scapulae

Scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation; C/S: extension, side-bend IL, rotation IL

Supraspinatus

Humeral ABD

Infraspinatus

Humeral ER

Deltoid

Anterior: Humeral FLX, IR; Middle: Humeral ABD; Posterior: Humeral EXT, ER

Teres Minor

Humeral ER

Teres Major

Humeral IR, Add

Subscapularis

Humeral IR

Pectoralis Major

Humeral IR, Add, some flexion and extension

Pectoralis Minor

Scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation

Subclavius

Clavicular depression

Serratus Anterior

Scapular protraction and upward rotation

Biceps Brachii

Shoulder and elbow flexion, forearm supination

Brachialis

Elbow flexion

Coracobrachialis

Humeral flexion

Triceps Brachii

Humeral Extension (long head); elbow extension

Pronator Teres

Elbow flexion, forearm pronation

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Wrist flexion and radial deviation

Palmaris Longus

Wrist flexion and tensions palmar aponeurosis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Wrist flextion and ulnar deviation

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Flexion of wrist, MCP and PIP of #2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP of #2-5

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexion of 1st CMC, 1st MCP, and IP

Pronator Quadratus

Forearm pronation

Anconeus

Elbow extension

Brachioradialis

elbow flexion, forearm pronation/supination to neutral

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

Extensor Digitorum

Wrist extension, and extension of #2-#5 digit

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Wrist extension, and extension of #5 digit

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Wrist extension and ulnar deviation

Abductor Pollicis Longus

1st CMC abduction, extension

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

1st CMC and MCP extension

Extensor Pollicis Longus

1st CMC, MCP, and IP extension

Extensor Indicis

Wrist extension, and extension of 2nd digit

Supinator

Supination

Flexor Digiti Minimi

5th MCP flexion

Abductor Digiti Minimi

5th MCP flexion and abduction

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Opposition towards center of palm

Opponens Pollicis

Opposition towards center of palm

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

1st CMC abduction, extension

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

1st MCP flexion

Adductor Pollicis

1st CMC adduction

Lumbricals

Flexion of MCP, extensions of PIP/DIP #2-#5 digits

Dorsal Interossei

Flexion of MCP, extensions of PIP/DIP #2-#5 digits; Abducts 2nd-4th

Palmar Interossei

Flexion of MCP, extensions of PIP/DIP #2-#5 digits; Adducts #2, #4, #5