Orgo exam 2

Toluene

Phenol

Anisole

Aniline

Benzoic Acid

Benzaldehyde

Acetophenone

Styrene

If substituent is larger than the benzene ring then it is called

phenyl group

ortho

positioning of substituents on a benzene ring that are adjacent to each other, specifically at the 1,2-positions.

meta

positioning of substituents on a benzene ring that are separated by one carbon atom, specifically at the 1,3-positions.

para

positioning of substituents on a benzene ring that are directly opposite each other, specifically at the 1,4-positions.

Benzene IR

Commulated

CH3-CH=C=CH-CH3

alkenes next to each other

Conjugated dience

seperated by only 1 pi bond

Isolated Diene

sp3 bond in between

Why are sigma bonds shorter in the conjugated diene

Having 2 sp2 hybrid orbitals gives more s character to sp2 than sp3 meaning more electron density closer to the sp2

the lower the heat of hydrogenation

the more stable the double bond

Due to stability what is the preferred diene product in elimination

conjugated

When HBr treated to diene we get

2 major products due to resonance where we move the alkene and carbocation from middle to end etc etc same thing for BR2 kinda

stability order of carbocations

benzylic, allylic, 3 2 1 me

Halogenation mechanisms are based on

allylic resonance and good carbocats