science: FOOD

Absorption

The movement of nutrients from the intestine into the blood

Active site

Part of the enzyme molecule which exactly fits the substrate on which the enzyme act it shape can be permanently deformed by temperature and pH

Amino acids

An organic compound composed of nitrogen carbon hydrogen and oxygen it is a subgroup of proteins and there are about 20 different amino acids in animal protein

Benedict’s solution

A test for the presence of reducing sugar a.k.a. glucose the solution turns from clear blue to cloudy green then yellow and finally brick red

Bile

A green strongly alkali fluid made in the liver stored in the gallbladder and sent to the duodenum Through the bile duct emulsifies fats

Chemical digestion

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Carbohydrate

A component of a diet used for energy for example bread

Digestion

The breakdown of food

Digestive enzyme

Enzymes produced in the digestive system which act as a biological catalyst. Breaks large insoluble food molecules into smaller ones

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine opens from the stomach

egestion

The passing out Of food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces through the anus

Enamel

The hot outer layer on the crown of the tooth

Enzyme

Biological Catalyst

Poo

Undigested food plus bacteria left in the colon after food has been digested and absorbed

Fatty acid

A sub unit of a fat molecule

Fibre

Also known as roughage it cannot be digested moves food through the digestive system and prevents constipation

Gastric juice

Produced by the stomach contains hydrochloric acid and the Protein Pepsin

Ileum

Part of the small intestine reasonable for absorbing digested food food

Ingestion

Putting food in the mouth

Lipase

Enzyme that breaks down lipids

Maltese

Enzyme which breaks down maltose Into glucose

Maltose

Two molecules of glucose joined together

Monomer

A small molecule that can react with other monomer to form a large molecule called a polymer

Nutrition

Taking in materials for growth energy and development

Optimum

The most favourable condition

Pancreas

Organ which producers pancreatic juice

Pancreatic juice

Digestive juice from the pancreas contains enzymes

Physical digestion

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecule

Polymer

A large molecule made up of monomers

Pro tease

An enzyme that digest protein

Protein

Consist of long chains of amino acids

rickets

A deficiency disease caused by a shortage of vitamin D the main symptom is soft bones

Saliva

A fluid produced by the salivary glands in the mouth contains salivary amylase

Salivary amylase

An enzyme which digest starch in the mouth

Sphincter Muscle

A ring shaped muscle that acts like a Glove around organs commonly called a Circular muscle

Trypsin

An enzyme which digest protein in the small intestine

Villus

Small finger like projections that extend into the lumen

Colon

The longest part of the large intestine

Lumen