Gait Cycle Lecture 1 + 2

The five categories of gait analysis are

temporal-spatial

Kinematic

Kinetic

Muscle activity

energy cost

The four essential requirements for walking are

Support

balance

propulsion

Limb swing

Additional gait goals include

Minimizing pain

Conserving energy

Maintaining smoothness

A gait cycle is normalized from _____ to _____%.

0,100

A stride is one complete gait cycle from an event to the next occurrence of the same event on the _____ limb.

same

The stance phase occurs when the limb is in contact with the _____.

ground

The swing phase occurs when the limb is _____ in contact with the ground.

not

Stance phase comprises approximately _____% of the gait cycle.

60

Swing phase comprises approximately _____% of the gait cycle.

40

Double support occurs when _____ limbs are in contact with the ground.

two

Double support occurs _____ times during a gait cycle.

two

Each period of double support is approximately _____% of the gait cycle.

10

Single support occurs when only _____ limb is in contact with the ground.

one

Each period of single support is approximately _____% of the gait cycle.

40

Double support occurs at the _____ and _____ of stance phase.

start;end

The center of mass reaches its greatest height during _____.

mid stance

The center of mass is lowest during _____.

double support

Loading Response begins at _____

Initial contact

Loading Response ends at ______

Opposite toe off

Loading Response occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

0;12

The primary task of Loading Response is _____.

Weight acceptance

The three functional demands of weight acceptance are

Shock absorption

Initial limb stability

Presevation of progression

Initial Contact occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

0;2

During Initial Contact the hip is _____, the knee is ____, the ankle is ____.

flexed, extended, dorsiflexed to neutral

Ground contact is made with the _____ during Initial Contact.

heel

The limb is "reaching" for the ground during _____.

Initial Contact

A major objective of Initial Contact is _____.

Impact deceleration

At Initial Contact the hip is approximately _____ degrees flexed.

30

At Initial Contact the knee is approximately _____ degrees flexed.

5

During Loading Response body weight is transferred onto the _____ limb.

forward

During Loading Response the knee _____ for shock absorption.

flexes

During Loading Response the ankle undergoes controlled _____ flexion.

plantar

The hip moves from about ___° flexion to _____° flexion during Loading Response.

30; 25

Peak plantar flexion during Loading Response is approximately _____°.

10

During Loading Response the _____ act _____ to ______

dorsiflexors, eccentrically, prevent foot slap

During Loading Response the knee _____ initially act _____ to begin _____

flexors, concentrically, knee flexion

The knee ______ act _____ during Loading Response to _____.

extensors, eccentrically, control knee flexion

The hip _____ act _____ then _____ during Loading Response.

extensors, isometrically, concentrically

A primary role of the hip _____ during Loading Response is ______.

extensors, Preventing trunk jackknifing

Mid Stance begins at _________.

Opposite toe off

Mid Stance ends when body weight is aligned over the _____.

forefoot

Mid Stance occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

12;31

The task of Mid Stance is single-limb _____.

support

During Mid Stance the limb advances over a _____ foot.

stationary

During Mid Stance the ankle _____, and the hip and knee ______

dorsiflexes, extend

A key objective of Mid Stance is _____ over the foot.

Controlled tibial progression

Another objective of Mid Stance is limb and trunk _____.

stability

Peak center of mass height occurs during _____.

Mid Stance

The hip reaches approximately _____ by the end of Mid Stance.

neutral

The knee reaches approximately _____° flexion by the end of Mid Stance.

5

The ankle reaches approximately _____° dorsiflexion by the end of Mid Stance.

5

The ____ act _____ during Mid Stance to _____

Plantar flexors, eccentrically, control tibial progression

The knee _____ act _____ during Mid Stance to ______

Extensors, concentrically, extend the leg

The knee _____ act _____ during Mid Stance to prevent knee hyperextension.

Flexors, eccentrically

Terminal Stance begins when body weight is aligned over the _____.

forefoot

Terminal Stance ends at opposite Initial _____.

Contact

Terminal Stance occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

31;50

The heel _____ during Terminal Stance.

rises

During Terminal Stance the limb advances over the _____.

forefoot

During Terminal Stance the hip and knee are in _____.

extension

A major objective of Terminal Stance is moving the center of mass ahead of the _____.

forefoot

Terminal Stance requires a rigid foot and _____.

ankle

Peak hip extension during Terminal Stance is approximately _____°.

10

Peak ankle dorsiflexion during Terminal Stance is approximately _____°.

10

The plantar flexors are the primary contributor to forward _____.

propulsion

The _____ act _____ to control _____ during Terminal Stance.

plantar flexors, eccentrically, tibial progression

The plantar flexors also act _____ to provide push-off.

concentrically

The hip flexors act _____ to decelerate hip extension during Terminal Stance.

eccentrically

Pre-Swing begins at opposite Initial _____.

Contact

Pre-Swing ends at _____ Off.

Toe

Pre-Swing occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

50;62

The primary task of Pre-Swing is swing limb _____.

advancement

Pre-Swing is also known as weight release and weight _____.

transfer

Double support is _____ during Pre-Swing.

initiated

Ankle _____, _____ during Pre-Swing.

Plantar flexion, increases

The knee _____ during Pre-Swing.

flexes

Hip _____ is _____ during Pre-Swing.

extension, reduced

A major objective of Pre-Swing is positioning the limb for _____.

swing

Another objective of Pre-Swing is accelerating the trailing limb with a forward _____.

push

Peak ankle plantar flexion occurs during Pre-Swing at approximately _____ to _____ degrees.

15;20

The knee reaches approximately _____° flexion by Toe Off.

30

The hip _____ act _____ to initiate hip flexion in Pre-Swing.

flexors, concentrically

The knee _____ act _____ to limit knee flexion rate.

extensors, eccentrically

Initial Swing begins at _____ Off.

Toe

Initial Swing ends when the feet are _____.

adjacent

Initial Swing occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

62;75

The task of Initial Swing is swing limb _____.

advancement

Knee _____ lifts the foot for toe _____ during Initial Swing.

flexion, clearance

Hip _____ advances the _____ during Initial Swing.

flexion, limb

Ankle _____ is _____ during Initial Swing.

dorsiflexion, incomplete

Foot clearance is controlled mainly by knee _____.

flexion

Peak knee flexion during Initial Swing is approximately _____°.

60

The hip moves from _____ to approximately _____° flexion during Initial Swing.

neutral, 20

The _____ act _____ during Initial Swing to bring the ankle toward neutral.

dorsiflexors, concentrically

Mid Swing begins when the feet are _____.

adjacent

Mid Swing ends when the tibia is _____.

vertical

Mid Swing occurs from _____% to _____% of the gait cycle.

75;87

During Mid Swing, limb advancement is achieved by further hip _____.

flexion

The knee _____ during Mid Swing.

extends

The ankle _____ to _____ during Mid Swing.

dorsiflexes, neutral