Lecture 01: Introduction to Programming and Problem Solving

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, system classifications, and problem-solving concepts from Lecture 01.

Computer

An electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it according to a set of instructions, stores data when required, and produces information as output.

Input

Raw data entered into a computer system for processing.

Processing

The execution of instructions performed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Storage

The data vault component used to retain data when required within a computer system.

Output

The final information produced by a computer system after processing data.

Problem-Solving Flow

The key sequential flow of computing solutions: Problem $\rightarrow$ Algorithm $\rightarrow$ Program $\rightarrow$ Execution $\rightarrow$ Output.

Algorithm

An algorithmic breakdown that describes the solution steps required to solve a problem.

Program

A sequence of instructions written in a programming language that tells a computer how to perform a specific task or solve a problem.

Programming

The process of writing a program.

Programming Language

A means of communication categorized into Low Level, Middle Level, and High Level languages used to convey instructions to a computer.

Hardware

The tangible machinery, components, and physical infrastructure of a computer system.

Software

A collection of programs, data, libraries, configuration files, and related resources designed to provide functionality to users or systems.

Cyber Security Imperative

The principle that programming in security is both the analytical tool to detect threats and the structural material to build defenses.

Course Assessment Scheme

The assessment breakdown consisting of $30\%$ Sessional, $30\%$ Midterm Examination, and $40\%$ Final Examination.

Program vs. Software Difference

A program is a single set of instructions designed for a specific task (e.g., Calculator), whereas software is a broader collection of programs and supporting resources (e.g., Microsoft Office).