exam 3 Biomechanical Changes with Training

mechanical efficiency

the % of metabolic energy converted to physical work

-cycling

movement efficiency

amount of energy/oxygen required to maintain a steady pace

-running/swimming

Explain the principle of optimization

the cns learns how to do a task using minimal amount of energy/effort over practice

proximal -distal sequencing

body uses larger muscles to generate peak power then transfers into smaller segments to maximize force

RIPPLE EFFECT

3 parts of proximal/distal sequencing

Initiation

transfer

terminal relase

what parts are used in initiation

core hip trunk shoulder thigh

what is the role of the initiation stage

to generate

mechanics of initiation

large mucles contract first to overcome inertia and initiate the movement

body parts of transfer stage

arms

thigh

shank

limbs

roles of the transfer stage

momentum acceleration

mechanics of transfer stage

when large segments peak velocity they transfer momentum to mid size which accelerate even quicker due to high momentum

terminal relase body

hand toes fingers feet

role of terminal relase stage

speed/precision

mechanics of terminal relase stage

smallest/lightest move last due to the little mass transferred

momentum causes the fast velocity in this movement

Goal: summation of speed 

generate max speed/velocity at the end of the chain

summation of speed (sequnce)

start large → mid→small

each group peaks then transfers momentum until a quick acceleration

RIPPLE

summation of force(goal)

combine multiple groups to force a 1 maximized production

summation of force (sequence)

all muscle groups contract together for 1 major output

TOGETHER

 Explain how highly skilled athletes maximize speed or

force during athletic movements.

sequential timing (chain)

simultaneous contraction (together)

neurotransmitter coordination (agtongist and protaginst muscles)

elastic energy (stretch and relase)

 principle of specificity

human body adapts to stress put on it over time

training for strength (focus)

peak force generation

training for strength (variables)

high mass + resistance

training for strength (movement speed)

slow

training for strength (excerises)

coumpound lifts with lower reps to manage fatigue

training for power (focus)

rate of force developed/speed

training for power (variable)

high acceleration / velocity

training for power (movement)

explosive movements

training for power (excersies)

olympic lifts

medicine ball throws

polymetrics