bio lab test

Hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.

Deductive Reasoning Prediction

produced from a general statement; usually "if- then" form.

Isotonic

Having the same solute concentration as another solution.

Protein and Starch

substances that can't diffuse through cell membranes.

Active Site

where substrates bind and react.

Low Temp

molecules move slower, decrease collisions.

Product in a reaction

the new important substance formed by a chemical reaction.

At low pH H+

ions interfere with bonds that maintain the enzymes shape

Hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution.

Independent

variable that is manipulated or controlled.

higher temperatures

At ________, there is an increase in kinetic energy, fast molecular collisions, and more changes for the enzyme to collide with a substrate and react with each other.

fatty acid

Ester linkage- the bond between a(n) ________ and glycerol that forms a lipid.

Enzyme

is the lock, and the key is the substrate.

Cofactor

atoms or molecules that are not part of the enzymes structure but are non- protein helpers

Coenzymes

non- protein and organic molecules which bind temporarily or permanently to enzyme near active site.

Substrate

reactant of an enzyme- catalyzed reaction ex- hydrogen peroxide.

Polypeptide

many amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

guaiacol

When ________ is acted on by the enzyme it changes colors to brownish as it is oxidized.

Null hypothesis

a statement that proposes that there is no difference or relationships between variables.

Dependent variable

which may change due to the independent variable (is being measured)

Active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.

Passive transport

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy.

Experimental group

is subject to the experimental treatment.

Simple diffusion

the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Hypotonic blood cells

swell up as water diffuses into them.

Turgid plant cell

A cell that is swollen with water (hypotonic)

Hypertonic blood cells

shrivel up as water diffuses out of them.

x axis of a graph

is always your independent variable,

Alternative hypothesis

is a statement that proposes that there is a difference or relationship between variables.

Quaternary Structure Protein structure

contains more than one amino chain.

High Temperature

Speed of enzymatic reaction drops sharply.

Hypothesis

is a testable scientific idea that can be supported or refuted with the collection of data

A

color of flower

A

Amount of time before death

Example

a plant set in a room with no light bulb

Example

a plant set in a room with 10 light bulbs

Controlled Experiment

compares an experimental group with a control group

Inductive Reasoning

We go from specific to general

Example

Harold is a grandfather

Example

All humans are mortal

Starch using iodine

yellow orange= negative black= positive

Protein using Biuret

lavender = positive  blue= negative

Glucose using  benedict

light blue = negative yellow orange = positive

Chlorine using Silver Nitrate

white precipitate

Sulfate using Barium Chloride

milky white

Starch

Glycosidic Linkage

Protein

peptide bond

Primary Structure

Linear sequence of amino acids

plasmolyzed plant cell

hypertonic solution

red blood cells in isotonic

do not change

hypertonic blood cells

shrivel up as water diffuses out of them

hypotonic blood cells

swell up as water diffuses into them

y-axis

dependent variable.

Active Site

where substrates bind and react

Activation energy

the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

They can be

-metal ions ex

At high pH OH

ions interfere with the enzymes shape.

secondary structure

Coils and folds because of the hydrogen bonds between the repeating polypeptide backbone

Tertiary Structure

Bonds stabilizing tertiary structure between side groups