Exercise 19 Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

What structure is this and what’s its function?

Structure: cervical enlargement

Function: nerves serving the upper limbs

Identify this structure

Spinal cord

Identify this structure

Dorsal root

Identify this structure

Ventral root

Identify this structure

Rib

Identify this structure

Dorsal ramus

Identify this structure

Sympathetic trunk ganglion

Identify this structure

Sympathetic trunk

Identify this structure

ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Identify this structure

Rami communicantes

Identify this structure

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

What structure is this and what’s its function?

Structure: lumbar enlargement

Function: nerves severing the lower limbs

What structure is this and what’s its function?

Structure: spinal cord

Function: enclosed within the vertebral canal, extends from the foramen magnum to L1-L2

What structure is this and what’s its function?

Structure: conus medullaris

Function: cone-shaped tapering end of the spinal cord

What structure is this and what’s its function?

Structure: Filum terminal

Function: extremes from the conus medullaris toward the coccyx

What structure is this and what’s its function?

Structure: Cauda equina

Function: collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord that resembles a horse’s tail

How many nerves does our spinal cord contain? What are the 5 regions of the spinal cord

31 pairs of nerves

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

What structure is this and what’s its function?

structure: white matter

function: outer portion

What structure is this and what’s its function?

structure: gray matter

function: inner portion and contains cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, dendrites, and neuroglia

What structure is this and what’s its function?

structure: Posterior/ dorsal horns

function: somatic and visceral sensory fibers coming from the dorsal root ganglion

What structure is this and what’s its function?

structure: anterior/ ventral horns

function: cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that send their axons to the ventral root

What structure is this and what’s its function?

structure: lateral gray horns

function: contains cell bodies of visceral motor neurons that send their axons to the ventral root. ONLY in thoracic and lumbar region

What’s the function of the gray commissure in the spinal core ?

Function: contains axons that cross from one side to the other

What structure is this and what’s its function?

structure: central canal

function: lined with ependymal cells and filled with CSF

identify this structure?

structure: posterior funiculi

identify this structure?

structure: anterior funiculi

identify this structure?

structure: lateral funiculi

Identify both of these structures?

structure: posterior median sulcus / posterior gray commissure

Identify both of these structures?

structure: anterior median fissure / anterior gray commissure

identify these 3 structure

Pia mater (top)

Arachnoid mater (middle)

Spinal dura mater (bottom)

identify this structure?

dorsal root ganglion

What is the yellow and green cord in this image represent?

general somatic afferent (yellow) and general visceral afferent (green)

what is the black and red cord in this image represent

general somatic efferent (black) and general visceral efferent (red)

what does the term “Nuclei” mean?

collection of cell bodies of neurons in the CNS

what does the term “Ganglion” mean?

collection of cell bodies of neurons in the PNS

What nerve is this?

Intercostal nerve

Identify this structure and what’s its function ?

Structure: subarachnoid space

Function: between the arachnoid and pia mater, filled with CSF all over

Identify this structure and what’s its function ?

Structure: epidural space

Function: between the vertebrae and dura, filled with fat and blood vessels. Site for epidural anesthesia

Identify this structure and what’s its function ?

Structure: denticulate ligament

Function: saw “tooth like” shelves of pia matte that secure the spinal cord to the dura mater

Identify this structure and what’s its function ?

Structure: subdural space

Function: between the dura and arachnoid

Lumbar tap

Removal of CSF from the vertebral canal below L3

What region is this and how many nerves are there?

Cervical region and 8 nerves

What region is this and how many nerves are there?

Thoracic region and 12 nerves

What region is this and how many nerves are there?

Lumbar region and 5 nerves

What region is this and how many nerves are there?

Sacral region and 5 nerves

What region is this and how many nerves are there?

coccygeal region and 1 nerve

Identify this structure and its function?

structure: dorsal ramus

function: sensory and motor innervation to the skin and muscles of the back

Identify this structure and its function?

structure: ventral ramus

function: T2-T12 and forms the intercostal nerves

Identify these structures?

dorsal root and dorsal

identify these structures

ventral root and ventral

identify this structure

spinal nerve

identify this structure

rami communicantes

What plexus is from C1-C5 and what nerve is located here

1. cervical plexus

2. phrenic nerve: (C3-C5) and innervates the diaphragm, the major muscle of inspiration

What plexus is from C5-T1 and what nerves are located here

Brachial plexus: innervates arm muscles and skin

axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, and ulnar nerve

whats this nerve and its function?

axillary nerve

function: innervates the muscles and skin of shoulder

whats this nerve and its function?

musculocutaneous nerve

function: innervates the muscles and skin in the brachial (arm) and antebrachial (forearm) area

whats this nerve and its function?

radial nerve

function: innervates the muscles and skin of the forearm

whats this nerve and its function?

median nerve

function: innervates the muscles and skin of the forearm

whats this nerve and its function?

ulnar nerve

function: innervates the muscles and skin of the forearm

What plexus is from (T12-L5) and what nerves are located here

lumbar plexus

femoral nerve and obturator nerve

whats this nerve and its function?

Femoral nerve

function: lower ABD anterior and medial thigh muscles and skin

whats this nerve and its function?

Obturator nerve

function: hip and medial thigh muscles and skin

What plexus is from (L5-S5) and what nerves are located here

sacral plexus

sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, and common fibular nerve

whats this nerve and its function?

Sciatic nerve

function: largest peripheral nerve in the body and innervates the lower trunk, muscles, and skin in the posterior thigh

whats this nerve and its function?

Tibial nerve

function: innervates muscles and skin of the posterior leg & foot

whats this nerve and its function?

common fibular nerve

function: innervates muscles and skin of the lateral leg and foot