Innate-Barriers&Cells

The first line of innate defence

Barriers

Protective chemicals present in barrier defenses

Acid, Enzymes, Mucin, Defensins, etc

The two types of Phagocytes

Neutrophils and Macrophages

Innate cell that kills virus-infected and cancerous cells

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Proteins on body cells that indicate whether an NK (or activated T-Cell) should kill it or not

MHC (Major Histocompatability Complex) Proteins

Inflammation causing chemical secreted by mast cells

Histamine

The 4 symptoms of inflammation

Redness, heat, swelling and pain

Increased vasodilation and “leakier” capillaries associated with inflammation is called

Hyperemia

Step 1 of phagocyte mobilization

Leukocytosis - An increase of WBCs respond to injured cells

Step 2 of phagocyte mobilization

Margination - phagocytes cling to the inner wall of capillaries to stop at the affected site

Step 3 of phagocyte mobilization

Diapedesis - neutrophils flatten and squeeze through capillary walls

Step 4 of phagocyte mobilization

Chemotaxis - phagocytes follow chemical signals from the affected cells

Step 1 of phagocytosis

The phagocyte adheres to the pathogen or debris

Step 2 of phagocytosis

Particle is engulfed in a pseudopod/phagosome

Step 3 of phagocytosis

Lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle, forming a phagolysosome

Step 4 of phagocytosis

Toxic compounds/lysosomal enzymes destroy the pathogens

Step 5 of phagocytosis

Indigestible/residual material exits via exocytosis