Post Classical Era

What was the main idea of the period 1200–1450 in world history?

It was a period of increasing global connection.

What empire connected much of Eurasia during 1200–1450?

The Mongol Empire.

What were the primary trade routes expanded during this period?

Silk Roads, Indian Ocean, and Trans-Saharan routes.

What does 'Pax Mongolica' refer to?

It refers to the period of increased stability, travel, trade, communication, and cultural exchange under Mongol rule.

Who was the founder of the Mongol Empire?

Genghis Khan.

What legal code did Genghis Khan create?

The yassa.

What was the purpose of the Ortogh system in the Mongol Empire?

It allowed merchants to pool resources and invest in trade.

What document did travelers use to gain permission to travel through the Mongol Empire?

Paiza.

What was one positive effect of Mongol rule on trade?

Safer trade routes.

What was a major effect of the Black Death on the population?

Huge population losses, with some areas losing up to ⅔ of their population.

What impact did the Black Death have on the economy?

Labor shortages led to workers demanding higher wages.

What was a significant feature of the Mali Empire under Mansa Musa?

Enormous wealth and development of Timbuktu as a center of scholarship.

Which trade network connected West Africa and North Africa?

Trans-Saharan Trade Network.

What was the role of the Strait of Malacca in trade?

It connected the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, making it vital for trade.

What led to the growth of Indian Ocean trade between 1200–1450?

Improvements in navigation technology and increased demand for luxury goods.

What was a major outcome of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?

The growth of cities and the merchant middle class.

What was the significance of the Hundred Years' War?

It led to stronger centralized monarchies and new military technologies.

When was the Ming Dynasty established?

In 1368.

Who was Zheng He?

A Chinese admiral who led major naval expeditions across the Indian Ocean.

What is 'Sufism'?

An Islamic mystical tradition that emphasizes personal connection with God.

What does 'Humanism' emphasize during the Renaissance?

Classical learning, literature, ethics, education, and human potential.