Diversity of life 1

Beginnings of life

what are the prokaryotes

Archaea and Bacteria

can archaea and bacteria be distinguished microscopically

no

structural differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic - haploid, nucleoid, no organelles

Eukaryotic - diploid, nucleus, organelles

what is LUCA

last universal common ancestor (population of cells) (4.5 billion yrs ago)

how old is earth and when is the first evidence of cells

4.6 billion yrs ago, 4.5 million yrs ago

what was the first organisms to conduct oxygenic photosynthesis on earth

cyanobacteria

what is endosymbiosis

one organism lives inside another one to form a single organism

what is the origin of organelles in eukaryotes

bacteria

what is adaption

genomic (genome) and phenotypic (phenotype) changes

how do microbes have sex

through horizontal gene transfer (HGT)

what is Horizontal gene transfer

exchange of genetic material from one organism to another that is not its offspring

what are the three main mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT)

Transformation, conjugation, transduction

in relation to HGT what mechanism is this

Transformation (exogenous DNA)

in relation to HGT what mechanism is this

conjugation (mainly via pili formation)

in relation to HGT what mechanism is this

transduction (mainly via phages)

what is HGT

Horizontal gene transfer