AP psych consciousness unit

SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome):

Babies do not have muscle strength and coordination, 

so they cannot roll over

Sleep Apnea

You stop breathing 200 times a night, reason it is serious other than oxygen getting to dangerously low levels is that it doesn’t let you get to deep sleep (stage 3) so you go back to stage 1. Drops in blood oxygen during sleep.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (more common)

Caused by throat muscles and soft tissue (like the tongue) relaxing and blocking the upper airway.

The body still tries to breathe, and chest or stomach movements continue, but little or no air gets through'

Narrow passageway, not enough room for oxygen to go through

Central Sleep Apnea (less common)

Caused by a problem with the brain's respiratory control center.

The brain fails to send proper signals to the breathing muscles, meaning there is no airflow and no physical effort to breathe

Insomnia

• #1 factor is stress

  • Cortisol and adrenaline are released, which activates sympathetic nervous system and fight or flight and calms the stress response after

• You miss stage 3, not going through important cycle stages

• Can take antagonist arexin or anti-anxiety medicine like GABA to help you go to sleep

Night Terrors

When someone wakes up in the middle of the night

• In stage 3 (deep delta sleep)

  • Won’t remember it or converse with you

• Mainly in kids (1 in 30 children)

• Not nightmares

• Screaming in your sleep

Non Rem stage 1

• This is the lightest stage of sleep, and the transition between being awake and asleep

• Theta waves begin to replace the faster brain waves

• You may experience hypnagogic sensations (falling into stage 1)

• You feel drowsy

Non Rem stage 2

• Spindle waves start to occur here as seen in an EEG scan

• You can wake up easily in 20 minutes, and if u haven’t woken up in 20 minutes you go into stage 3

Non Rem stage 3

• Deepest stage of sleep

• Slow Delta waves in this stage

• It is difficult waking someone up during this stage.

• Sleepwalking and night terrors can occur during deep NREM sleep

• Hippocampus not very active, so you don’t really remember your dreams

REM (rapid eye movements)

• This is the stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and increased brain activity of an awake person

• This happens after you go through NREM

• MOST VIVID dreams occur here

• Your muscles are mostly relaxed/ paralyzed so you DO NOT act out your dreams

• Sometimes called paradoxical sleep because the brain is very active while the body is mostly asleep

Awake / alert

Beta waves

Relaxed

Alpha waves

NREM stage 1 what type of waves?

theta waves

NREM stage 2 what type of waves?

sleep spindles and theta waves

NREM stage 3 what type of waves?

delta waves

How many cycles do you go through per night?

4-6 90 minute cycles

EEG scan

• Used in sleep research

• Records the brain's electrical activity and allows researchers to identify different sleep staged by their brain waves.

paradoxical sleep

Brain is so active and you are asleep, that it resembles an awake state, while the body remains in a state of temporary paralysis.

Which brain parts and hormones are involved in sleep?

Key brain parts include the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and brainstem; hormones involved are melatonin, cortisol, human growth hormone.

REM rebound

You are in REM longer tomorrow because you didn’t sleep as long as you should have today

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

quiets down, allowing the pineal gland to release melatonin into the bloodstream

Freud’s psychopathic theory

proposes that dreams are a window into unconscious desires, revealing repressed thoughts and feelings.

Manifest content: Observable part of the dream

Latent content: The hidden meaning under why that happened and represents the underlying wishes or fears.

Activation synthesis theory

suggests that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random electrical activity during sleep, creating a narrative from these signals.

REM sleep behavior disorder

When you move around, kick and punch in your dream

Connected to low dopamine

Narcolepsy

-Overwhelming daytime sleepiness “sleep attacks” happens for like 5-10 minutes for from awake straight to REM

-Cataplexy happens here

Cataplexy

Loss of muscle control, so you just collapse. Trigger to bring Cataplexy could be triggered by strong emotions such as laughing.

Orexin (hypocretin)

A small brain chemical produced in the hypothalamus that helps regulate wakefulness

Fatal insomnia

=Because the thalamus is so hyper active, your always in a sense awake

-Then fatal insomnia happens in your adulthood and you have a few months left to live.

-Can be inherited through a genetic mutation