Probability Rules

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Last updated 5:25 AM on 9/21/22
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23 Terms

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Probability
the chance of an event occurring
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Random experiment
an experiment in which the outcome is uncertain
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Theoretical probability
________- based on formulas.
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Impossible event
has a probability of 0 (guaranteed not to happen)
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Certain event
has a probability of 1 (guaranteed to happen)
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Sum of probabilities for all possible outcomes
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Subjective probability
based on personal opinion
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Theoretical probability
based on formulas
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Experimental probability
based on the results of a random experiment
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Law of large numbers
if we repeat an experiment a large number of times, the results that we see experimentally should be closer to what we would expect to see theoretically
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Sample space
collection of all possible outcomes for an experiment
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Observation
the observed outcome of a random experiment
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Event
a subset of the sample space, a collection of outcomes
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Complement
the subset of all outcomes within the sample space that are not in the event A of interest
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Intersection (A and B)
the event containing all of the elements that are common to both A and B
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Union (A or B)
the event containing all of the elements that belong to either A only, B only, or both A and B
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Mutually exclusive
events that have no outcomes in common
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Correct positive
test results indicates that the condition is present, and it is
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False positive
test results indicates that the condition is present, but it is not
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False negative
test results indicates that the condition is not present, but it is
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Correct negative
test results indicates that the condition is not present, and it is not
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Sensitivity
the probability that the test will give a positive result, given that the condition tested for is present
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Specificity
the probability that the test will give a negative result, given that the condition tested for is not present