Normal Pregnancy and Associated Conditions

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to normal pregnancy, symptoms, complications, and associated conditions.

What is the duration of normal pregnancy?

10 lunar months (or) 9 calendar months or 280 days or 40 weeks.

How is gestational age calculated?

From the first day of the last menstrual period.

What are common subjective symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Amenorrhea, morning sickness, frequency of micturition, breast discomfort, and fatigue.

What is a positive sign for the diagnosis of pregnancy at 6 weeks?

Mucoid discharge appearing from the cervix.

What hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

What is Naegele's rule for calculating the expected delivery date (EDD)?

LMP + 7 days + 9 months for regular cycles.

What is the purpose of a targeted imaging scan (TIFA) at 18 to 22 weeks?

To diagnose fetal anomalies.

What is quickening during pregnancy?

The first perception of fetal movements, usually around the 18th week.

What is the risk of polyhydramnios?

It refers to excessive amniotic fluid volume around the baby, leading to complications.

What does oligohydramnios refer to?

Deficient amniotic fluid volume, which can lead to fetal complications.

What are the symptoms of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?

Any vaginal bleeding greater than 500 mL after vaginal delivery.

What is preeclampsia?

A multisystem disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

What are the clinical features of eclampsia?

Grand mal seizures occurring in women with preeclampsia.

What types of contraception are considered temporary methods?

Barrier methods, spermicides, and hormonal contraceptives.

What are the side effects of oral contraceptives?

Hypertension, thromboembolism, and metabolic effects.

What conditions can lead to a retained placenta?

Simple adherent placenta or morbidly adherent placenta.

What is the definition of menorrhagia?

Cyclic bleeding at normal intervals but excessive in amount (>80 mL) or duration (>7 days).

What is the significance of a single umbilical artery?

It is associated with congenital malformations, increased perinatal mortality, and may indicate the need for closer monitoring.

What are some common causes of anemia in pregnancy?

Iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, chronic blood loss, and hereditary conditions.

What is the definition of gestational hypertension?

Hypertension measured as BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg for the first time in pregnancy after 20 weeks.

What are the common symptoms of cervical carcinoma?

Abnormal bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain.

What is the definition of acute cervicitis?

Acute inflammation of the cervix due to infections such as gonococci or chlamydia.

What is gestational thrombocytopenia?

A platelet count of less than 150,000/mm³ during pregnancy, usually due to hemodilution.

What does the term 'anemia in pregnancy' refer to?

Hemoglobin levels less than 10.5 g/dL due to physiological changes or nutritional deficiencies.