China and Africa Lorenzo

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

They can rule because the gods said so. Like when a ruler wins that means the gods wanted them to win since if the gods didn’t want them to win then they wouldn’t have won. They are the best leaders in God's eyes.

What was the Warring States Period?

A period where there was a decline in central authority which led to a long time of chaos and warfare.

List the Five Confucian Obligations.

Citizen to ruler: everyone must obey the ruler

Younger to older: older helps younger and younger respects the older

Wife to husband: wife must obey husband

Child to father: all kids must obey their father

Friend to friend: power is equal and they believe in good peer pressure

Who was “the Great Unifier”? How did he get this name? What philosophy did he favor?

Qin Shi Huangdi and he earned his name by uniting China under a central government and based this government on the principles of legalism.

What were some of the scientific advances made during the Han dynasty?

The invention of paper, finding out how many days are in a year, observed sunspots, invented the seismograph to measure earthquakes, used place values in math and figured out how much time there was between each moon eclipse and solar eclipse.

Who wrote the Art of War? What do you think is his best idea? Worst?

Sun Tzu and I think his best idea is that the best way to win a war is to outsmart your opponent instead of just fighting stronger and his worst idea is that war should involve destroying the enemies resources because that can cause more damage and suffering.

What should you do if your army is strong? What type of war should be avoided? What should you do with the plunder(valuable resources like food and weapons)?

If your army is strong then you should use your strength wisely and make the enemy think you’re weaker or less prepared than you actually are. A long drawn out war should be avoided because it drains resources, weakens the army and causes a lot of destruction. Splint the plunder between all your troops.

Who was Zheng He?

A Chinese admiral sent on expeditions as far away as East Africa. He promoted trade and collected tribute.

List 5 customs that show the inferior status of women in China.

1. Foot binding

2. Infanticide (the killing of infants-female only)

3. Cult of Widow Chastity (if your husband dies you’re not allowed to remarry for the rest of your life to stay faithful to your husband or you can kill yourself to join your husband in the afterlife)

4. Men can have multiple wives but women can only have one husband-polygami

5. The 3 submissions: women are never in charge- first her father is in charge of her, then her husband and if he dies then her son and if no son or the son is not 18 yet then her father in law.

How did Genghis Khan treat the people he conquered?

He treated them very aggressively and went over the top with them. For example when he conquered Merve, the Mongols beheaded 300-400 civilians each and the survivors were sent to Mongolia as slaves.

What are the main accomplishments of Genghis Khan? (Good and Bad).

The good he accomplished was a lot of land, created one of the biggest empires, established the Yasa, encouraged education and created a postal system. The bad he accomplished was worldwide enemies, millions of deaths and destroyed many cities.

Who freed China from Mongol rule? What dynasty did he start?

Zhu Yuanzhang and started the Ming (brilliant) dynasty.

What dynasty took over after the Ming?

The Qing (Manchu) dynasty

What was the Yangzhou Massacre?

A huge massacre in Yangzhou that was carried out by Qing dynasty forces because the Ming people resisted.

List three changes made in sub-Saharan Africa during the Iron Age. (They went from _______ to ________).

1. Hunting and gathering to agriculture

2. Nomadic lifestyles to settled villages

3. Small, isolated communities to larger states with trading networks

What were the most important trade items from Ghana? To Ghana?

From Ghana: gold

To Ghana: salt

Who was Sundiata?

A malinke ruler who helped create the Mali empire.

What was a griot?

A storyteller who preserved and passed down a community’s history.

Who ruled Mali during their Golden Age? What was he known for?

Mansa Musa ruled Mali during its Golden Age and he was known for building a powerful empire, controlling trans-Saharan trade, being very rich and making a famous pilgrimage to Mecca where he brought a lot of gold.

How and why did the Swahili language develop? What is a lingua franca?

Swahili developed when African, Arabian and Persian cultures interacted and traded along the East African Coast. Lingua Franca is a common language used by people who speak different native languages to communicate with each other.

Be able to locate Mali, Songhay, Swahili States, & Zimbabwe

Summarize one African folktale and explain what you think it teaches about the values of the culture that produced it.

In the story of The Tortoise and the Birds, the tortoise manipulates the birds so he gets all of the food so the birds take his feathers and wings so the tortoise gets his wife to help him with his fall so she can give him a soft landing but the birds force the wife to give the tortoise a hard fall instead. This story teaches about honesty, greed, karma and to always question and not trust everyone and everything.

Who was Menes? Who was Khufu (Cheops)?

Menes is the person who unifies Egypt and becomes the first pharaoh. Khufu/Cheops is the pharaoh who built the great pyramid.

Who was Ahmose?

Pharaoh who ruled during the new kingdom

What happened at the battle of Kadesh?

It was a battle between the Egyptians led by Ramses II and the Hittite empire where they both recorded that they won which means they probably tied.

Who was Akhenaton? What were some of the main changes he made?

Pharaoh who ruled during the new kingdom in Egypt and he made a new capitol and switched from polytheism to monotheism and forced everyone to follow his new religion and stole power from the churches and priests.

Who was Tutankhamen?

Akhenaton's son, takes over after his father's death and switches back to polytheism.

What was the first dynasty and what was the first proven dynasty

Xia was the first and Shang was the first proven