envir. sci eco systems and communites

keystone species is

one that helps stabilize the pop. of other species in the community

predation, herbivory, parasitism, & commensalism

pred. - predator fins captures and kills prey (lion and antalope)

herb.- animal eats plants (cows)

paracisitm- organisms that live on or in another organism that will cause harm (tapeworm)

commens. - one organisms has a benefit while the other does not

symbiotic relationships (pred. commensalism, parasitism, herbivory, etc) that can lead ot natural selection causing adaptions like:

cryptic coloration (camo)

warning coloration (bright colors such as certain frogs)

mimiary (mimic other species)

why a vegan ecological footprint smaller than meat eater

you are a primary consumer. there is less energy that needs to travel up the food chain that would with meat eaters

detrivores vs decomposer with examples

detriv.- earthworms, milipedes- break down waste products left over from carrion

decomposer- fungi, bacteria- break down leaf littler and other nonliving matter

when does a species become invasive

they over populate, take up resources, create ecomonical issues, cause the envir. harm

(Asian carpe, boa constrictors, kudzu)

organisms habitat vs niche

habitat is physical place organism lives while niche is the role and function that organisms has within the environment

primary vs secondary succession

primary; cannot be seen; starts with rock and eventually becomes grass, trees, and more vegeation

secondary: can see; alters comm. but does not destroy all life or organic matter; essentially grows around it; abandoned places; grass growing through concrete

photosynthesis equation and relation to cellular respir.

6CO₂ + 6H₂0 ———> C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂

_{cellular respir. opposite}

natural selection examples and artificial selection ex

natural selection: moths with the camoflouge and then change in environment with industrial rev. (peppered moths); galapagos birds beaks change with differetnt types of fruit and seeds

artificial selection: GMOs and dog breeding

endangered vs threatened

endangered; active numbers are dwindling such as white rhino

threatened- on a watch list of slight decrease like wolves

survival of the fittest

through natural selection whichever animal is deemed the most fit will survive in the food chain to survive and reproduce

connection between adaptions and fitness

good adaptions will increase and organism’s fitness

what has happened to almost all species of organisms that have ever lived on Earth?

they have gone extinct due to the environmental dynamics. 5 mass extinctions based off of geologic time scale (said to be in middle of 6th mass extinction caused by humans)