Bettcher

what are the two ways to define ‘woman’/‘female,’ which does she push, and what drives her?

Dominant frameworks define ‘woman’ by biological traits (genitalia, chromosomes). Trans subcultural frameworks treat self-declaration as a trans woman as sufficient for membership. She pushes the trans subcultural framework, driven by preventing the severe ethical, psychological, and political harms of misgendering.

Why does Bettcher think defining ‘female’ by gametes or a sex spectrum marginalizes trans people?

It relegates trans women to off-center, peripheral, or non-member status, invalidates their self-identifications, and subjects them to hermeneutic injustice.

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