Cofactors

Mg2+ role

Binds to ATP and reduces charge on phosphates so ATP can bind to enzyme

Facilitates nucleophilic attack of phosphate groups

Zinc fingers

Uses Zn2+ to hold DNA and RNA together

Ca2+ function

Controls neurotransmitter Ca2+ channels by changing conformation of CaM protein

Coenzymes to remember

ATP

NAD+ and NADP+

FMN and FAD

S-Adenosylmethionine

CoA

PLP

ATP function (know structure)

Cosubstrate

Transfer of phosphoryl and nuceotidyl groups

NAD+ and NADP+ (know structure)

Cosubstrate

Oxidation-reduction reactions involving 2 electron transfer

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (recognize structure)

Oxidation-reduction reactions involving 1 and 2 electron transfers

Prosthetic group

S-Adenosylmethionine (recognize structure)

Transfer of methyl groups

Coenzyme A (CoA) (recognize structure)

Cosubstrate

Transfer of acyl groups

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (recognize structure)

Prosthetic group

Transfer of groups to and from amino acids