BIO -131 exam 1

All the living organisms in a particular area along with all the nonliving aspects of the environment with which organisms interact are collectively described by which of the following terms?

ecosystem

Which of the following types of cells lack(s) a nucleus?

archaea

Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess which of the following characteristics?

heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment

Which of the following terms describes membrane-enclosed components of cells that carry out specialized functions?

organelles

Which of the following chemical equations describes a hydrolysis reaction?

disaccharide + H2O = monosaccharide + monosaccharide

Which of the following statements is true regarding cellulose?

It is a primary structural component of plant cell walls.

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

disaccharide

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true?

They are generally solid at room temperature.

Which of the following statements regarding lipids is true?

they’re insoluble in water

What structural feature makes the 20 common amino acids different from one another?

different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

peptide

The α helix and β pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?

secondary

Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of β-globin and two molecules of α-globin. In sickle-cell disease, because of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits

altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered.

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?

amino acid/polypeptide

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration reaction?

the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

function in the synthesis of proteins.

Which of the following are purines?

guanine and adenine

If a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

35%

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

neither DNA nor RNA

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to

frogs than to humans

What chemical elements make up carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

A triglyceride molecule consists of: 1 _______ and 3 _______

glycerol

fatty acids

Fatty acids are part of the macromolecules called:

lipids

Proteins are long polymers made of single units called:

amino acids

Which of the following not major category of macromolecules found in living things?

amino acids

The beginning of compartmentalization was a major event in the history of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is not considered a major theme in the process of compartmentalization and thus the origin of organelles?

The development of the cytoskeleton

What is the hierarchy of biological organization from large scale to smaller scale? (5)

biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms

What is the universal genetic code we all have in common?

DNA

Which of the following large biological molecules will self-assemble into a bilayer when mixed with water?

lipids

Which of the following molecules/structures may be found in eukaryotic cells but not bacteria?

endoplasmic reticulum

What is not considered a major theme in the process of compartmentalization and thus the formation of organelles?

development of the cytoskeleton

Carbohydrates formula?

C6H12O6