SR1002 Medical Sciences in Sport & Exercise Physiology - Lecture 1 Anatomy: Why do we need to know about it?

Fill-in-the-blank practice cards on introductory anatomy, the principle of complementarity, clinical procedures, evolutionary biomechanics, and historical applications in art and biometrics.

The term anatomy originates from the Greek word anatome, combining the roots ana meaning __________ and tome meaning __________.

up; cutting

Under the umbrella of microscopic anatomy, the study of cells is called __________ while the study of tissues is called __________.

cytology; histology

The structural levels of organization in the human body begin at the simplest chemical level of molecules and culminate at the most complex macroscopic level of __________.

organisms

The foundational anatomical concept stating that function always reflects structure is the __________.

Principle of Complementarity

Although the structure of the human heart was understood by the 15th century, it was another __________ years before someone demonstrated that it actively pumped blood.

200

The surgical approach illustrated here that utilizes small incisions and specialized instruments to reduce patient recovery time and trauma is known as __________ cholecystectomy.

laparoscopic

The congenital anatomical condition characterized by the complete reversal of normal internal organ positioning is termed __________.

situs inversus

In his 1628 publication De motu cordis, __________ used experiments on forearm veins and internal valves to demonstrate the systemic circulation of blood.

William Harvey

Blood drawing, or venepuncture, is commonly performed in the depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow known as the __________.

antecubital fossa

Administering an epidural requires precise anatomical knowledge because delicate spinal nerves cannot __________ if accidentally severed or damaged.

regrow

Colorectal cancer is a major health concern in North East Scotland, prompting routine endoscopic screenings for individuals over the age of __________.

50

Compared to chimpanzees, the ability of modern humans to stand upright and maintain bipedal balance is linked to evolutionary differences in musculature and the balance-controlling __________.

inner ear

Optical motion capture systems track __________ attached to an athlete to quantify variables such as position, velocity, and forces during gait analysis.

white markers

The discipline that uses anatomical and biomechanical principles to optimize equipment, footwear, furniture, and workplace design to prevent injury is known as __________.

ergonomics

Sprinter Oscar Pistorius generated debate over athletic fairness by competing using specialized running prostheses constructed from __________.

carbon fibre

The distinct bands or stripes observed in skeletal muscle fibers, known as __________, reflect a structural arrangement optimized for generating large mechanical forces.

striations

Bone combines a hard, rigid mineral matrix containing __________ with a flexible internal core of marrow.

calcium

The extensive folding of the small intestine and its lining into microscopic finger-like projections called __________ significantly increases surface area for nutrient absorption.

villi

Some medical historians suggest that Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel fresco, __________, intentionally outlines anatomical features of the human brain such as the sulcus, pituitary gland, and pons.

The Creation of Adam

Created by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1487, the Vitruvian Man studied proportions of the human body using the mathematical ratio known as the __________.

Golden Ratio

In biometric security systems, traits such as keystroke dynamics, signature recognition, and voice recognition are categorized as __________ biometrics.

behavioral